influence of plastic processing aid materials

Although the material is very common plastics processing generally, but supplies are essential in our lives. The growth rate of
China's plastics processing industry is extremely fast, especially closer to modernization today. Plastics processing industry in a
very rapid rapid development. Now a lot of WSD plastic additive  material wood and metal has its drawbacks and limitations, they produce slow, costly,
and now a lot of weight disadvantages such as wood and iron products and parts have been replaced by plastic products, such as we
often see articles toothbrushes, nozzles, cups, sandals, etc. are made of plastic. It can be said almost unlimited capacity to
replace plastic.
As you know, a lot of things have plastic processing aid expansion and contraction characteristics, when something temperature
increases his larger expansion of the molecular structure, its outward expansion of larger organizations, we will let him certain
items heating swelling larger and be recorded, and then cooled to let him reduce some objects and records can be larger expansion
gap between the two objects in and out of the objects referred to as shrinkage. Plastic is so objects. According to the water-
absorbent plastics material is divided into two types of processing is divided into two types: the first one is the comparative
water-absorbing plastic, the second is  WSD plastic processing aid non-absorbent plastics. Plastic is easy to absorb water must be pre-processed was dry,
plastic processing aid for wastewater treatment, if the problem does not occur in the processing of the processing, the processing
time since the evaporation of water causes foaming of plastic, the payment of the low viscosity, resulting in forming Poor quality
of plastic products, so that the plastic has a significant influence on the drainage of molded plastic. If done in a plastic air
drying time is too long, it may absorb water again, be the result of water discharge through the plastic work. So those plastic
drainage has been done drying process must protect their drying plastics processing in accordance with WSD Titanium dioxide rutile  the chemical composition of
the material can be divided into: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. In order to distinguish the specific purpose, there
are many branches of two plastic names they use are different performance, thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride plastic, polycarbonate
cool, two questions need to plastic molding is not completely the same, in front of a species of mold is to first heat, followed by
cooling the mold you need. So be sure to have on the performance of plastic-depth understanding.

Polyvinyl WSD processing aid is one of five common plastic

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of five general-purpose plastics , its products have a wide range of uses. However , PVC thermal stability exists disadvantages must be added when a suitable heat processing stabilizer to inhibit thermal degradation. Heat stabilizers Metallic stearate commonly used in industry are mainly inorganic lead salts and organic tin, metallic soaps . However , one of the most common varieties are poisonous , which not only limits the scope of application of PVC products and harm to the environment and their use of labor health PVC products are produced with sustainable growth and rapid deepening. To protect the environment , improve the working conditions of health in recent years in Europe , America, Japan, and the country has been developed and implemented to limit the use of hazardous chemicals policies and regulations. Therefore , research and development at home and abroad are set off and promote the use of non-toxic substance heat stabilizers to replace traditional toxic varieties boom. Rare is the advantage of PVC plasticizer our resources , rare earth compounds as PVC heat stabilizer application has attracted wide attention . In principle , since the rare earth hydroxide with a weakly alkaline medium and can absorb HCl, and hence, a heat stabilizing effect PVC . But until now , although the literature involving alkaline earth metal hydroxide is calcium hydroxide as a particular application of PVC heat stabilizers , but no rare earth hydroxide is used as PVC heat stabilizers research reports . Recently , the experts for the development of cost-effective environmentally friendly zinc-based PVC heat stabilizers, inorganic compounds as application performance heat stabilizer for a more systematic study found that lanthanum hydroxide is an effective synergist heat stabilizers.

WSD plastic processing aid industry is currently technical level

According PvC plastics processing industry is currently technical level , although a variety of products , recipes using different households but still mixed metal stabilizer system based. In the past, products processing factories with one-component , single-species steady purchase Beng various additives, formulated his own mixed use , PVC stabilizer processing a variety of PVC products, now has developed into the stabilizer born less "factory according to user requirements , composite production, and can be . ne-paeks ( one package ) sold stabilizer products, deepen and broaden the technical support services , so varieties of PVC compound stabilizer designed for user needs , and many more special type of master such as liquid composite stabilizer , mainly for soft products ( films, leather , etc. ) : clean composite solid lead salt stabilizer , mainly used for rigid materials such as articles and cable : for a single machine and specialized product requirements design composite stabilizer ( such as ZFZ products dedicated to the sole material ) .Compatibility with the ratio of the composite stabilizer , based on long production experience , is still a variety of metal salts as Lord stabilizer, with its complex and adduct of synergy effect . Should , while accompanied by a variety of auxiliary stable agents, to further enhance the stabilizing effect of the metal PVC heat stabilizer salt system. In the design of the liquid component of a composite stabilizer , metal salts of the general control of the content of 2% -15 % ( of metal ion , the weight percentages ) phosphite, vinegar, 10% -50 % , 2% -10 % of antioxidant , light stabilizer 1% to 4% lubricant 1% -10 % 20% -40 % solvent . The solid composite stabilizer , generally available Pvc resin together with modified and processed cPE, EvA etc. ) as a carrier excipient , the control content of 10% -50 % metal salt ( metal ion count , percent by weight) , a lubricant 5% -15 % auxiliary stabilizer 5% -10 % .

The inevitable direction of future development of inorganic pigments inganic

 "Low carbon" is the direction of the so-called low-carbon economy is the

future development of low-power , low pollution , low-emission -based

economic model, is following the agricultural civilization of human

society , another major industrial civilization 's progress . Low-carbon

economy is the essence of efficient use of energy , clean energy

development , the pursuit of green GDP problem , the core energy

technologies and emission reduction technology innovation , a fundamental

change in industrial structure and institutional innovation and the

development of the concept of human survival . Pigments business is also

bound to a " low carbon" road , the implementation of low-carbon energy is

an inevitable stage of pigment pigments in the history of mankind .
 What is a " low-carbon green inorganic pigment" so-called " low-carbon

green pigment" , we can learn from itself and its raw materials,

production and consumption processes to make an explanation: First, the

pigment itself is nontoxic , the main indicators of heavy metal content in

within the scope of international standards . Secondly , raw materials and

equipment in the pigment manufacturing process, reduce the use of

petrochemical raw materials , improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon

dioxide emissions. For production companies, improve production

efficiency, reduce production waste water and exhaust emissions , dust and

other pollutants, as far as possible to reduce the solvent content of

volatile matter , so low VOC standards, promote technological innovation

energy saving . Finally , in the process of consumption , the product

guide downstream enterprises to correct those accustomed to the waste of

energy , increased pollution discharge consumption patterns , to maximize

the enormous potential of the pigment consumption of energy saving

products . Variety " low-carbon green MMO inorganic pigment" ( color mixed

with inorganic pigments ) family of products
    Low carbon environmental inorganic pigment is an inevitable trend of

development of inorganic pigments . Domestic and foreign , also known as

complex inorganic pigments , CICP pigments , academically often called the

mixed phase metal oxide pigments . In all types of  WSD Plastic impact modifier inorganic colored

pigments , the pigment due to environmentally friendly non-toxic,

excellent light fastness weather , high heat resistance , excellent

chemical resistance , relatively broad range of chromatographic

characteristics, occupational safety and  WSD Stabilizers for pipe environmental regulations become

increasingly strengthened system requires the use of increasingly long

finished today, by coatings, plastics, masterbatch , ceramics, glass,

building materials and other related industries welcome.
     Low carbon environmental MMO inorganic pigment ( color mixed with

inorganic pigments ) product varieties are  WSD PVC stabilizer cobalt blue , titanium, chrome

yellow, nickel titanium yellow, green, cobalt , titanium, manganese brown,

fierce black iron , copper, chromium and other black

PE modified polyethylene wax and paraffin

A small amount of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to the molten wax to form a homogeneous mixture of the polyethylene dissolved, and cooled to obtain a modified PE wax, paraffin wax which is very classic processing methods. Adding a small amount of polyethylene wax crystallization changed, so that the melting point paraffin has heat stabilizer for panel  been greatly improved, improved from 50 degrees to 80-90 degrees, LDPE also has very good toughness paraffin, wax coating containing the PE not easy to crack. Because of these advantages, several decades ago, PE is widely used in the modified paraffin wax coated paper, cardboard, waterproof packaging for food, when very expensive PE film can not be applied to these areas.
PE modified so that the physical properties of paraffin wax has greatly improved, but even the plastic coating applications, it is fundamentally different and polyethylene wax, not  stearic acid paraffin polyethylene + = polyethylene wax.
PE modified paraffin wax can change a small molecular weight (300-400) nature, at higher temperatures, large-volatile paraffin. Bake 180 degrees for 20 minutes, PE modified paraffin thermal weight loss of about 10 percent, a variety of polyethylene wax TGA basically about 0.5%. Modified PE wax used in powder coatings, baking smoke very serious.
PVC external lubricant wax can do, but there are many disadvantages: Since paraffin and small molecular weight PVC resin and incompatible, paraffin easily precipitate from PVC products, wax  Chlorinated paraffin tends to reduce the strength of PVC products. PE modified paraffin wax can not change these properties, but it improves the viscosity increase than pure wax such external lubrication has improved stability than pure wax.
For masterbatches, PE modified relatively pure paraffin wax, the viscosity increased, a shearing force increases, the relative genuine purpose polyethylene wax, PE wax or a modification of the pigment is difficult to effect uniform dispersion.

plastic lubricant some differences

Lubricant is a broad concept. According to their different functions, the lubricant for the following three categories: (1) to reduce the friction between the particles to improve the powder flowability of the materials, also known as glidants glidants); (2) to prevent the fluorescent brightener  adhesion of raw materials to punch surface of the material, also known as anti-adhesion agent antiadherents); (3) to reduce the particle or tablet) with the friction between the die hole wall accessories, this is the real sense of the lubricant. An ideal lubricant should be both of the flow aid, anti-sticking and lubrication three roles, the lubricant in the currently available yet no such ideal lubricant, are often one or two aspects of a relatively good performance, but other effects are relatively poor.
Type of dispersant
Fatty acids, fatty amides, and esters
Stearamide and used with higher alcohol can improve lubricity and thermal stability, the amount (mass fraction) 0.3% -0.8%, the slip agent may be polyolefin; hexenyl bis hard fat acid amides, also known as ethylene bis-stearamide (EBS), the lubricant is a high melting point, the amount of 0.5% to 2%; glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl tristearate (HTG); oleic acid 0.2% to 0.5% of the amount; hydrocarbon wax solid, mp 57 ~ 70 ℃, insoluble in water, soluble in an organic solvent, the resin dispersibility, compatibility, heat stability are poor, the dosage is generally 0.5% or less
Paraffin
Although the wax is external lubricant, but straight-chain non-polar hydrocarbon, not wet the metal surface, such as polyvinyl chloride resin that does not prevent adhesion of metal walls, only, and stearic acid, calcium stearate and used, in order to achieve synergy
(Nujol): Freezing Point -15 ¯ -35 ℃, the extrusion and injection molding processing, the poor compatibility with the resin, add the amount is generally 0.3% to 0.5%, too much time, but the processing performance bad Microcrystalline wax: obtained from petroleum refining process, the  PVC profile stabilizer larger molecular weight, and has many isomers, mp 65-90 ℃, lubricity and thermal stability, but poor dispersion, the dosage is generally 0.1% -0.2%, preferably butyl stearate, higher fatty acids, metal soaps with
Metal salts of higher fatty acids, called metal soaps such as barium stearate (BaSt) for a variety of plastics, an amount of about 0.5%; zinc stearate (ZnSt) for polyolefins, ABS, etc., the amount of was 0.3%; calcium stearate (CaSt) suitable for GE Plastics, external lubrication, the amount of 0.2% ¯ 1.5%; Other stearic acid soaps such as cadmium stearate (CdSt), stearic acid Magnesium (MgSt), copper stearate (CuSt) low molecular weight waxes
Based on a variety of low molecular aluminum hydroxide  weight polyethylene wax (homopolymer or copolymer), polypropylene, polystyrene or other polymer modified as raw material, by pyrolysis, oxidation from a range of performance of different oligomers Its main products are: homopolymer, oxidized homopolymer, ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer, low molecular weight ionomers five categories. Among the most commonly used polyethylene wax
Commonly used polyethylene wax average relative molecular mass of 1500-4000, the softening point of 102 ℃; Other specifications of polyethylene wax average relative molecular mass of 10,000 to 20,000, a softening point of 106 ℃; oxidized polyethylene wax of long-chain molecules with a certain amount of ester group or a soap, and thus the PVC, PE, PP, ABS and external lubrication more balanced, better, its transparency is good. As dispersing agent and its environment, many practical applications, selection of the appropriate dispersing agent is very important.

PVC heat stabilizers catalysis

PVC heat stabilizers catalyst. Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acids, metal soaps , organic tin compounds , epoxy compounds , phenol salts and metal thiolate salt. They can react with HCL , inhibition PVC de HCL response.
2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress  Metallic stearate unstable allylic chlorine atoms off the PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule ligand binding chlorine atoms in the ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution . 3 ) the addition reaction of a polyene structure , a large conjugated system damage formation and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the conjugated structure, and color.
4 ) to capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off the HCL, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both .
Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituent ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC during processing HCL, eliminating the autocatalytic degradation of the HCL ; third neutralization or passivation of the catalytic metal ions from the degradation and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through the chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the  PVC processing aid continued growth inhibition degradation coloring ; five is the best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect . Typically heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , rare cases used alone , and most varieties are powdery , some are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or replaced by non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed many kinds of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have considerable market share in China . Therefore , efforts to promote the application developed in China with high efficiency , low cost , no dust pollution and non-toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer , is the urgent need for the development of the plastics industry .
Ideal thermal stabilizer should also absorb HCL, remove the active site , the addition of a conjugated polyene chain , destruction carbenium salts and prevent auto-oxidation , etc. , which does not produce a product of catalytic degradation of PVC . The actual heat stabilizers with different functions due to exhibit different thermal stability characteristics ,
1 ) cadmium , zinc soap is typical of aluminium stearate  early -type heat stabilizers , can quickly absorb HCL, and Cd, Zn in the catalyst to effectively replace PVC chain carboxylate unstable chlorine atom , thereby effectively suppressing the initial degradation and coloring , but because of consumption of fast transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL PVC efficient catalysts , which will lead to degradation of the material PVC vicious suddenly darkened , so long-term thermal stability .
2 ) barium, calcium soap is a typical long-term thermal stabilizers, only the function of absorbing HCL , PVC can not effectively suppress coloration , but the transformation products BaC12, CaC12 non- catalytic activity , does not cause a sudden black PVC , long-term heat stability better.

PVC heat stabilizers some of the important role

1 absorption and HCl, inhibit its catalytic automatically . Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acids, metal soaps , organic tin compounds , epoxy compounds, amines, metal alkoxide and a phenolic salts and metal thiolate salt. They are available with HCl to de- HCl reaction inhibition PVC .
(2) replacement of PVC unstable allylic chlorine tin stabilizer  molecule or a tertiary carbon atom chlorine atom , inhibit de PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule of chlorine ligand binding occurs , the ligand , organic tin substitution with an unstable chlorine atoms . 3 with the addition reaction of a polyene structure , damage the formation of a large conjugated system and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the  Diethyleneglycoldibenzoate conjugated structure, and color.
 4 capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off HCl, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both . Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions:
1 replacement lively , unstable substituent such  titanium dioxide as attached to the tertiary Cl Cl atom or allyl chloride , to form a stable structure ;
(2) to absorb and process the PVC processing and release of HCl, HCl elimination autocatalytic degradation ;
 3 passivated on the degradation neutralized or catalytic metal ions and other harmful impurities ;
 4 by chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibiting degradation coloring ;
5 The best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect .

PVC heat stabilizers mainly of some description

 1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its catalytic automatically . Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acids, metal soaps , organic tin compounds , epoxy compounds , phenol salts and metal thiolate salt. They can react with HCL , inhibition PVC de HCL response.
 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atoms off the PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule ligand binding chlorine atoms in the ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution .
3 ) the addition reaction of  dibasic lead stearate a polyene structure , a large conjugated system damage formation and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the conjugated structure, and color.
 4 ) to capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off the HCL, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both .
Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituent ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC during processing HCL, eliminating the autocatalytic degradation of the HCL ; third neutralization or passivation of the PVC stabilizer for fittings  catalytic metal ions from the degradation and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through the chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibition degradation coloring ; five is the best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect . Typically heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , rare cases used alone , and most varieties are powdery , some are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or replaced by non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed many kinds of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand  oxidized PE WAX composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have considerable market share in China . Therefore , efforts to promote the application developed in China with high efficiency , low cost , no dust pollution and non-toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer , is the urgent need for the development of the plastics industry .

PVC PVC heat stabilizers factors affecting

PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers titanium dioxide  biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study . 1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer  iron oxide black molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie a so-called compatibility Compatibility means the mixing of two or more substances mutual affinity. Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no  liquid stabilizer interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .

PVC heat stabilizers thermal stabilizing effect of the conductivity measurement method

PVC heat stabilizer effect of thermal stability measuring method, also known as electrical conductivity potential method. Experimental apparatus composed of four main parts, an inert gas means the right, the general use of nitrogen, but sometimes the use of air, the  Metal stearate difference is that when using nitrogen protected, the oxygen in the air to avoid oxidation of PVC degradation arising parent chain. Experimental heating apparatus is generally of about 180 ℃ oil bath pot, inside the pot into the oil bath and with PVC heat stabilizer mixture, when HCl gas is generated, will be left with the inert gas into the NaOH solution in, NaOH rapidly absorbed HCl, resulting pH of the solution changes with time by recording the  Plastic impact modifier change in pH meter can determine the type of the effect of heat stabilizers. The experimental results, the process pH-t curve obtained into induction and growth period, the length of the induction period with the effect of heat stabilizer different merits. One-step co-precipitation method were synthesized containing stearate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate hydrotalcite.
(L) material: MgNO3, AINo3, NaoH, Naeo3, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid
(2) reaction step: 1000ml beaker in a certain amount of deionized water while a solution concentration of 0.85mol / L, o.4mol / L of magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate solution, to which a certain amount of NaCO3 solution, adding NaOH solution to the PH value of the magnesium stearate  reaction solution was maintained at around 10, the synthesis temperature 45 ℃, sodium lauryl sulfate were added last, stearic acid, after precipitation of different synthetic hydrotalcite, after filtration, washing and drying, the final solution containing different hydrophobic anionic hydrotalcite.

Chemical form optical brightener Classification

optical brightener according to chemical structure can be divided into five categories:
Stilbene, and certain synthetic fibers for cotton fiber, paper, soap and other industries, with a blue fluorescence;
Coumarin type, having the basic structure coumarone for celluloid, polyvinyl chloride, etc., with a strong blue fluorescence;
Pyrazoline type, for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers, a green fluorescent brightener color;
Benzo oxygen and nitrogen type, used acrylic and other fibers and polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and other plastics, with a red fluorescence;
Phthalimide type, used for polyester, acrylic, nylon and other fibers, with a blue fluorescence.