Thermal stabilizers should preferably absorb both HCL, to eliminate the active site , the addition of a conjugated polyene chain , carbenium salt damage , etc. to prevent auto-oxidation , which does not produce the product of the catalytic degradation of PVC . The actual heat stabilizers have different functions due to exhibit different thermal stability characteristics , can be divided into early -type , long-term , intermediate -and versatile four . A ) cadmium , zinc soap is typical Processing aid of early -type heat stabilizers , can quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn , thereby effectively suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL efficient catalyst PVC , PVC and thus lead to Chrolinated polyethylene the degradation of the material suddenly vicious black , so poor long-term thermal stability. 2 ) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers , absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC , but the conversion product BaC12, CaC12 do not have catalytic activity , does not cause a sudden black PVC , long-term heat stability better. 3 ) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate , both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity.
4 ) mercaptan organotin it Azodicarbonamide has versatile features , while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not have catalytic activity , and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect.
Optical brightener
2013年12月22日星期日
2013年10月21日星期一
Some of the main flame retardant plastic description
Flame retardants
Most plastics are flammable . With the plastic in the construction, furniture, transportation, aviation , aerospace , electrical and other aspects of the widely used to improve the flame retardancy of plastics has carbon black powder become a very urgent issue. Inhibiting polymer flame retardant is a class of flammability additives, they are mostly of the Periodic Table Ⅴ, Ⅶ Ⅲ elements and compounds ; especially phosphorus , bromine , chlorine , antimony and aluminum compounds. Sub- additive flame retardants and reactive types . Flame retardant halogen-containing primarily phosphate and Acrylic processing aid phosphate, a halogenated hydrocarbon , antimony oxide , and aluminum hydroxide . Advantage is easy to use and adaptable . However, the addition of capacity of 10 % to 30% , often affect the performance of plastics . Reactive flame retardant containing the elements actually monomer, it has little effect on the plastic properties . Common reactive flame retardants , halogenated anhydrides such as for polyesters , for epoxy resins of tetrabromobisphenol A, and phosphorus for polyurethane polyol. Flame , the current amount of second plasticizer. Consuming most varieties of plastic flame retardant polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane foam , unsaturated polyester , ABS resin and polypropylene.
Most plastic is flammable , its titanium dioxide anatase products, which brought a lot of application security risks. Precisely, flame retardants, flame retardants known as more appropriate , because " flame " contains two meanings flame retardant and smoke suppression , compared with the broader concept of flame retardants . However , long time, people have become accustomed to the concept of use of flame retardants
Most plastics are flammable . With the plastic in the construction, furniture, transportation, aviation , aerospace , electrical and other aspects of the widely used to improve the flame retardancy of plastics has carbon black powder become a very urgent issue. Inhibiting polymer flame retardant is a class of flammability additives, they are mostly of the Periodic Table Ⅴ, Ⅶ Ⅲ elements and compounds ; especially phosphorus , bromine , chlorine , antimony and aluminum compounds. Sub- additive flame retardants and reactive types . Flame retardant halogen-containing primarily phosphate and Acrylic processing aid phosphate, a halogenated hydrocarbon , antimony oxide , and aluminum hydroxide . Advantage is easy to use and adaptable . However, the addition of capacity of 10 % to 30% , often affect the performance of plastics . Reactive flame retardant containing the elements actually monomer, it has little effect on the plastic properties . Common reactive flame retardants , halogenated anhydrides such as for polyesters , for epoxy resins of tetrabromobisphenol A, and phosphorus for polyurethane polyol. Flame , the current amount of second plasticizer. Consuming most varieties of plastic flame retardant polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane foam , unsaturated polyester , ABS resin and polypropylene.
Most plastic is flammable , its titanium dioxide anatase products, which brought a lot of application security risks. Precisely, flame retardants, flame retardants known as more appropriate , because " flame " contains two meanings flame retardant and smoke suppression , compared with the broader concept of flame retardants . However , long time, people have become accustomed to the concept of use of flame retardants
2013年9月29日星期日
Aluminum sulfate coagulation wastewater treatment and wastewater treatment with
Aluminum sulfate as the coagulant , it is acidic chemicals, waste water can also be used as an alkaline pH adjustment chemicals . It is a traditional pharmaceutical wastewater , which organic pigments both participate in the wastewater effluent coagulation treatment , and is also involved in wastewater treatment . We look at what is waste and wastewater coagulation treatment and disposal method .
Wastewater treatment aluminum sulphate coagulation coagulation wastewater treatment to waste water by adding coagulant ( such as aluminum sulfate , ferrous sulfate , etc. ) , dissolved alumina colloid, the colloidal substances in wastewater the fine coagulated or flocculated suspended solids are separated out water and solid contaminants , methods Flame retardant to purify wastewater .
And wastewater treatment
And wastewater treatment method is the use of treated wastewater and the purification of the approach. The basic principle is to make the acidic wastewater plus the OH or H and the alkaline wastewater OH and H- plus interactions generate weak dissociation of water molecules , while generating additional soluble or insoluble salts, thus PVC plasticizer eliminate their harmful effects. Obey the law of the reaction equivalent , can be processed using this method and recovered by using an acidic water and alkaline water , acidic or alkaline water can adjust the PH. The chemical treatment of sewage by chemical reaction action to remove the impurities , mainly in sewage processing target inorganic or organic ( difficult biodegradable ) dissolved substances or colloidal substances. Commonly used chemical treatment methods such as chemical coagulation , neutralization, chemical precipitation and oxidation-reduction method . In the coagulation of aluminum sulfate, ferrous applications are more extensive , and in the middle and the most widely applied method is lime , ferrous sulfate is also used for redox .
Wastewater treatment aluminum sulphate coagulation coagulation wastewater treatment to waste water by adding coagulant ( such as aluminum sulfate , ferrous sulfate , etc. ) , dissolved alumina colloid, the colloidal substances in wastewater the fine coagulated or flocculated suspended solids are separated out water and solid contaminants , methods Flame retardant to purify wastewater .
And wastewater treatment
And wastewater treatment method is the use of treated wastewater and the purification of the approach. The basic principle is to make the acidic wastewater plus the OH or H and the alkaline wastewater OH and H- plus interactions generate weak dissociation of water molecules , while generating additional soluble or insoluble salts, thus PVC plasticizer eliminate their harmful effects. Obey the law of the reaction equivalent , can be processed using this method and recovered by using an acidic water and alkaline water , acidic or alkaline water can adjust the PH. The chemical treatment of sewage by chemical reaction action to remove the impurities , mainly in sewage processing target inorganic or organic ( difficult biodegradable ) dissolved substances or colloidal substances. Commonly used chemical treatment methods such as chemical coagulation , neutralization, chemical precipitation and oxidation-reduction method . In the coagulation of aluminum sulfate, ferrous applications are more extensive , and in the middle and the most widely applied method is lime , ferrous sulfate is also used for redox .
2013年9月26日星期四
Some of the major properties of calcium stearate
Calcium stearate, calcium stearate uniform nature of fine white powder. Melting point 175 ℃, density 1.035g/cm3. Dissolved in toluene , ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents , insoluble fluorescent
brightener in water . Slowly heated to 400 ℃, decomposition, combustible , the case of decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salts . Water absorption, non-toxic.
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in Impact modifier for PVC food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when whitening agent manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in Impact modifier for PVC food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when whitening agent manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam
2013年9月23日星期一
The method of zinc stearate
Zinc stearate : "White powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , benzene , toluene, turpentine and other organic solvents ; across decomposed into stearic acid, and the corresponding salts ; under dry conditions in a fire resistance, ignition point 900 ℃; hygroscopicity.
Discloses a particular class of zinc stearate and iron oxide yellow its production process , characterized in that the use of stearic acid, zinc oxide or zinc peroxide or hydrogen
Zinc oxide, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agent combination according to the ratio of 100:14.3-19.5:0.2-1.5:0.02-0.5 , the Metal stearate manufacturing process of the present invention
Simple , low energy consumption , no waste generation, do not pollute the environment, the present invention is a specific grade zinc stearate , product quality meet the national standard , and even some
Indicators better than the national one product standards , not only to meet the high polyethylene, polystyrene resin iron oxide needs , but also for PVC, resin, rubber , textiles, cosmetics and other industries.
Discloses a particular class of zinc stearate and iron oxide yellow its production process , characterized in that the use of stearic acid, zinc oxide or zinc peroxide or hydrogen
Zinc oxide, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agent combination according to the ratio of 100:14.3-19.5:0.2-1.5:0.02-0.5 , the Metal stearate manufacturing process of the present invention
Simple , low energy consumption , no waste generation, do not pollute the environment, the present invention is a specific grade zinc stearate , product quality meet the national standard , and even some
Indicators better than the national one product standards , not only to meet the high polyethylene, polystyrene resin iron oxide needs , but also for PVC, resin, rubber , textiles, cosmetics and other industries.
2013年9月13日星期五
PVC heat stabilizers for PVC transparent three major factors affecting
PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose acrylic processing a lot of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study . 1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule tio2 rutile ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent . 3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that iron oxide black is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule tio2 rutile ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent . 3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that iron oxide black is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC
2013年9月4日星期三
PVC heat stabilizer mechanism of heat
In the process, PVC thermal decomposition little change for other properties, mainly affects the color of the finished product, pvc heat stabilizers may be added to suppress the initial coloring products. When stripped of HCl mass fraction of 0.1%, PVC color began to change. Formation of conjugated double bonds according to the number of different, PVC will show different colors (yellow, orange, red, brown, black). If the aluminum stearate thermal decomposition of PVC in the presence of oxygen, it will be colloidal carbon, a peroxide, a carbonyl group and an ester-based compound formation. However, use of the product for a long time, PVC thermal degradation of the material properties of great added pvc PVC heat stabilizer can delay the degradation time or the lower the degree of degradation of PVC.
In the course of processing PVC heat stabilizer may be added to inhibit the degradation of the PVC, thermal stabilizer pvc then play a major role are: chlorine atoms by vegetable stearic acid displacing the unstable, the absorption of hydrogen chloride, and the addition reaction of the unsaturated sites, etc. inhibiting the degradation of PVC molecules. Ideal thermal stabilizer should have multiple functions: (1) replacement lively, unstable substituent bonded to a tertiary carbon atom such as a chlorine atom or allyl chloride, to form a stable structure; (2) and the titanium dioxide absorption and PVC processing release of HCl, HCl elimination autocatalytic degradation; (3) and on the degradation or passivating the catalytic metal ions and other harmful impurities; (4) by means of a chemical reaction barrier forms unsaturated bond breaking the continued growth inhibiting degradation coloring; (5) is preferably a protective shielding to ultraviolet light.
In the course of processing PVC heat stabilizer may be added to inhibit the degradation of the PVC, thermal stabilizer pvc then play a major role are: chlorine atoms by vegetable stearic acid displacing the unstable, the absorption of hydrogen chloride, and the addition reaction of the unsaturated sites, etc. inhibiting the degradation of PVC molecules. Ideal thermal stabilizer should have multiple functions: (1) replacement lively, unstable substituent bonded to a tertiary carbon atom such as a chlorine atom or allyl chloride, to form a stable structure; (2) and the titanium dioxide absorption and PVC processing release of HCl, HCl elimination autocatalytic degradation; (3) and on the degradation or passivating the catalytic metal ions and other harmful impurities; (4) by means of a chemical reaction barrier forms unsaturated bond breaking the continued growth inhibiting degradation coloring; (5) is preferably a protective shielding to ultraviolet light.
2013年8月26日星期一
metal soaps waterproofing agent formulation and production process
First, the concept
Metal soaps waterproofing agents known to avoid water slurry, based fatty acid soap, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, etc. variety of organic compounds, inorganic complex composition, a waterproof, moisture, enhance and plasticization.
Metal soaps organic pigments Appearance Milky white liquid waterproofing agent, a plasticizing effect, can reduce the water-cement ratio, after mixed with cement to form insoluble substances, the mortar filling small gap and clogging the capillary channel walls forming hydrophobic membrane, to improve cement mortar compactness and impermeability.
Second, the formulation and production process
Recipe: stearic acid (4.10%), sodium carbonate (0.15%), potassium hydroxide (0.72%), ammonia (3.16%) and water (91.87%).
Production process:
First, the dibasic lead phosphate acid heated to melt on the pot, and then 1/2 the amount of water in the other pot was heated to 50-60 ℃, followed by adding sodium carbonate and kept constant.
Good will melt slowly adding stearic acid and quickly stir, this time will produce a lot of bubbles, to prevent overflow. All will be half of stearic acid added slowly added to the stirred water into soap.
When the titanium dioxide soap is cooled to below 30 ℃ by adding a certain amount of ammonia stir, then use soap 0.6mm sieve sieve to remove blocks, granules and foam, the filtrate in a sealed plastic drum in a cool Department store.
Metal soaps waterproofing agents known to avoid water slurry, based fatty acid soap, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, etc. variety of organic compounds, inorganic complex composition, a waterproof, moisture, enhance and plasticization.
Metal soaps organic pigments Appearance Milky white liquid waterproofing agent, a plasticizing effect, can reduce the water-cement ratio, after mixed with cement to form insoluble substances, the mortar filling small gap and clogging the capillary channel walls forming hydrophobic membrane, to improve cement mortar compactness and impermeability.
Second, the formulation and production process
Recipe: stearic acid (4.10%), sodium carbonate (0.15%), potassium hydroxide (0.72%), ammonia (3.16%) and water (91.87%).
Production process:
First, the dibasic lead phosphate acid heated to melt on the pot, and then 1/2 the amount of water in the other pot was heated to 50-60 ℃, followed by adding sodium carbonate and kept constant.
Good will melt slowly adding stearic acid and quickly stir, this time will produce a lot of bubbles, to prevent overflow. All will be half of stearic acid added slowly added to the stirred water into soap.
When the titanium dioxide soap is cooled to below 30 ℃ by adding a certain amount of ammonia stir, then use soap 0.6mm sieve sieve to remove blocks, granules and foam, the filtrate in a sealed plastic drum in a cool Department store.
2013年8月11日星期日
Lead-based heat stabilizer and application
Heating and kneading under the plastic flame retardant conditions of a synergistic effect of various lead salt stabilizer, heat stabilizer and external auxiliary lubricant fully
Mixed into granules or flakes of lead salt composite stabilizer products. Lead salt compound heat stabilizer application has advantages:
The various components in the production process can be fully mixed with the resin mixed and dispersed greatly improved uniformity. reasonably stable
Fixed dose selection and matching, to maximize the strengths of each component and the synergistic effect and increase product cost. with efficient lubrication
Agent mix, has a wide range of processing, to increase applicability. formulation mix, reducing the PVC lubricants measurement error, thereby reducing
Small losses. simple supply and reserves of the Metal soap materials is conducive to production and quality management. clean production products,
Improved production conditions. Composite lead stabilizers trends: functional, professional, personalized
low lead Pb-free lead salts to improve their performance
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