influence of plastic processing aid materials

Although the material is very common plastics processing generally, but supplies are essential in our lives. The growth rate of
China's plastics processing industry is extremely fast, especially closer to modernization today. Plastics processing industry in a
very rapid rapid development. Now a lot of WSD plastic additive  material wood and metal has its drawbacks and limitations, they produce slow, costly,
and now a lot of weight disadvantages such as wood and iron products and parts have been replaced by plastic products, such as we
often see articles toothbrushes, nozzles, cups, sandals, etc. are made of plastic. It can be said almost unlimited capacity to
replace plastic.
As you know, a lot of things have plastic processing aid expansion and contraction characteristics, when something temperature
increases his larger expansion of the molecular structure, its outward expansion of larger organizations, we will let him certain
items heating swelling larger and be recorded, and then cooled to let him reduce some objects and records can be larger expansion
gap between the two objects in and out of the objects referred to as shrinkage. Plastic is so objects. According to the water-
absorbent plastics material is divided into two types of processing is divided into two types: the first one is the comparative
water-absorbing plastic, the second is  WSD plastic processing aid non-absorbent plastics. Plastic is easy to absorb water must be pre-processed was dry,
plastic processing aid for wastewater treatment, if the problem does not occur in the processing of the processing, the processing
time since the evaporation of water causes foaming of plastic, the payment of the low viscosity, resulting in forming Poor quality
of plastic products, so that the plastic has a significant influence on the drainage of molded plastic. If done in a plastic air
drying time is too long, it may absorb water again, be the result of water discharge through the plastic work. So those plastic
drainage has been done drying process must protect their drying plastics processing in accordance with WSD Titanium dioxide rutile  the chemical composition of
the material can be divided into: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. In order to distinguish the specific purpose, there
are many branches of two plastic names they use are different performance, thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride plastic, polycarbonate
cool, two questions need to plastic molding is not completely the same, in front of a species of mold is to first heat, followed by
cooling the mold you need. So be sure to have on the performance of plastic-depth understanding.

a type of plastic processing aid analysis

plastic processing aid according to different molecular weight, and have different functions. Processing aid ACR 50-150 10,000 molecular weight processing aids are widely used for general article PVC flame retardant  having a core - shell structure of the elastic polymer, the core-shell impact modifier emulsion was ACR production technology core. In the continuous research and development of the global impact modifier ACR, the foreign ACR impact modifier has been enhanced on the basis of the traditional techniques, particularly aspects of particle size control and continuous production. China's major manufacturers early ACR impact modifier produced using seed method, batch aluminium stearate  emulsion polymerization production processes and devices equipped with a small, poor performance and product quality control fluctuations, impact product performance and greater foreign gap, the same low productivity, small batches. plastic processing aid development and testing of a large number of companies to achieve a one-step control of latex particle size, and to achieve low-temperature continuous emulsion polymerization process, greatly improving the efficiency of production, production plant expansion  Aluminum hydroxide through. In terms of the production process recipe uses a third, fourth functional monomers such as acrylic rubber performance in terms of both the impact and tensile greatly improved product performance reached the international advanced level.

Ideal for PVC heat WSD plastic processing aidstabilizers should be a versatile substance

Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance , or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions : First, replacement lively, unstable substituents ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating plastic additive autocatalytic degradation of HCL ; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow , inhibiting degradation coloring ; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect . Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , very little is used alone , but most of the species in a powder form , some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety PVC plasticizerof composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan , Netherlands and other countries , or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China . Therefore , the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost , no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry .

Types of additives and introduction

Sweeteners - commonly used artificial sweetener saccharin sodium,

sodium cyclamate. The purpose is to increase the sweetness sensation.
Preservatives - are commonly used sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate,

sulfur dioxide and lactic acid. For jams, preserves and other food

processing.
Spice - synthetic fragrances, but  WSD Metallic stearate also natural, flavor a lot. Consumers

eat chocolate all tastes, widely used in the production process of

various spices, it has a variety of unique flavors.
Coloring agents - commonly used synthetic pigment has carmine,

amaranth, lemon yellow, indigo and so on. It can change the appearance

of the food, it increased appetite.
Thickeners and stabilizers - can improve or stabilize the physical

properties of cold food, make food look smooth and delicate. They make

ice cream and other frozen food long-term organizational structure

soft, loose.
Nutritional supplements - can enhance and supplement certain

nutritional content of food. Such additives are a variety of vitamins,

amino acids, inorganic salts, etc., can make food food nutrition

fortifier meet different consumer needs. Such as various infant formula

to contain a variety of nutrition  WSD Plastic impact modifier enhancer, so milk to ensure the needs

of children of different ages on a variety of nutrition.
Antioxidants - can extend shelf life of food. Commonly used dimensions

C, C, etc. A different dimension.
Leavening agent - part of the candy and chocolate add leavening agent,

can contribute to ribosomes produce carbon dioxide, which play the role

of leavening. Leavening agents are WSD Aluminum hydroxide  commonly used sodium bicarbonate,

ammonium bicarbonate, composite leavening agent.
Sour agent - part drinks, candy and other sour agent often used to

regulate and improve the flavor effect. Common citric acid, tartaric

acid, malic acid, lactic acid and the like.
Brightener - benzoyl peroxide is the main ingredient of flour

brightener. China's food allowed in the flour to add maximum dose of

0.06g/kg. Brighteners exceeded, will destroy the nutritional flour

produced after acid hydrolysis may cause liver damage, benzoyl peroxide

in the EU and other developed countries has been banned as a food

additive. Green food production, processing, A grade, AA grade products

depending on the product itself or production needs, food additives can

be used in AA grade green food only allows the use of natural food

additives are not allowed to use synthetic chemical food additives, in

A grade green synthetic chemical can be used in food additives, in

green food production, in accordance with national standards and

reasonable use of additives, it is because, in addition to raw, fresh,

and can achieve commercial sterility of conditions of production,

storage, unpackaged food, processed foods have direct or indirect, more

or less use of food additives, the raw salt Take for example, our legal

elements in salt iodization, and adding iodine supplements, food

additives is in a class. So green food production enterprises,

especially the production and processing products.
Food additives to improve food quality and color, smell, taste, shape,

nutritional value, as well as the preservation and processing of food

needed to join in chemical synthesis or natural substances, green food

processing products, in production should be higher level, the rational

use of additives, developed a variety of varieties of products and

constant innovation to meet consumer needs, according to the current

food processing enterprise view of the problems reflected in the use of

food additives on the main The following two questions:
First, because the safety of food additives, misunderstanding, people

tend to think that natural than synthetic chemical food additive

safety, the actual toxicity of many natural products due to the current

detection methods, content detection limit, still can not make accurate

judgment, and, comparing the detected results had natural food additive

is not smaller than synthetic toxicity.

Effect on the performance of PVC heat stabilizers how much you know

A series of complex organic PVC heat stabilizers have begun to enter the market and gradually replaced the traditional heavy metal stabilizers.
PVC heat stabilizers are indispensable in the process additives , awareness of their concerns with human health and  iron oxide black the surrounding environment is gradually increased, the world has promulgated a series of measures to limit the use of heavy metal heat stabilizers .
Outside the industry generally believe that awareness of PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection has become an irreversible trend, in the process of environmental protection PVC heat stabilizer , research and development , non-toxic , non-polluting , complex , and efficient heat stabilizers have been more widely application .
PVC resin having a self- HCL released catalytic or structural instability polyolefin produced PVC resin capable of addition reflection to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin . General characteristics of the formulations selected thermal stabilizer , features and requirements of the article to be considered. Here are some characteristics of people stabilizer :
1 lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard articles . Lead salt stabilizer has good heat stabilizers , excellent electrical properties , low cost and so on. However, its toxicity, easily contaminated products , can only produce opaque products. In recent years, large  iron oxide yellow numbers of composite stabilizer , stabilizer dangerous single component has been replaced . Features composite stabilizer is a dedicated and strong, little pollution , the advantages of simple ingredients and processing enterprises . But because no uniform standard , so the difference between the various composite stabilizer great .
2 barium cadmium -based stabilizers is a better performance heat stabilizers . PVC plastic sheeting used in wider . Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidants and use .
3 . Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging , but its stability is relatively low education , calcium -based stabilizers large amount of poor transparency , easy to bloom . Calcium zinc stabilizers usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the PVC heat stabilizer  country has recently been Ca-Zn composite stabilizer for rigid pipes appear.
4 good thermal properties of the organic tin-based stabilizers , are preferred species for the transparent rigid PVC products , particularly octyl tin packaging products become almost indispensable toxic stabilizers .

alum water principle and its preparation method of aluminum sulfate

Alum is a familiar folk purifying agent , which is a kind of aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate complex salt . Then it is how to use water purification , and its use What is the principle . But also how to use it produced . We together look.
Alum water principle
Alum can be ionized in water, two metal ions : KAl (SO4) 2 = K + + Al3 + + 2SO4 4 -. And Al3 + is easily hydrolyzed  carbon black powder to form colloidal aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3: Al3 + + 3H2O = Al (OH) 3 ( gel ) + 3H +. Aluminum hydroxide colloid strong adsorption capacity , can absorb impurities suspended in the water , and the precipitate formed , the water clarification. Therefore , a better purifying agent is alum .
Aluminum sulfate alum was prepared using 1 , aluminum sulfate is added in an excess of ammonia , to obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitate potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate solution, a 2 , a solid aluminum hydroxide was filtered , washed with dilute sulfuric acid obtained by adding an appropriate amount of aluminum sulfate , evaporation and  iron oxide yellow crystallization 3 , to the filtrate was added an excess of potassium hydroxide and heated , the ammonia evaporated to give potassium sulfate solution , evaporation and crystallization . Due to the use of the prepared aluminum sulfate alum ( potassium aluminum sulfate ) will affect the body iron, calcium absorption components , leading to osteoporosis , anemia, and even affect the development of nerve cells . Therefore , it is now generally used for drinking water alum . Of course, the same rationale containing aluminum ions chloride, aluminum chloride is not used for drinking water purification.

Analysis of the use of natural red iron oxide

Iron oxide red do you know? Professionals may be more familiar with such items. Today we'll learn a wide range of uses of natural iron oxide red! Look at it together!
Red iron oxide has both natural and  Metal stearate artificial. West said the natural red. A substantially pure iron oxide. Red powder. As production methods and operating conditions, their crystal structure and physical properties are very different, color changes from orange to blue to violet light between. Hiding power and tinting strength are great. There  are excellent light, high temperature performance and resistance to atmospheric effects, resistance to dirty gas, all the alkali resistance. Only in  optical brightener concentrated acid under heating was gradually dissolved.
 Natural red iron oxide has good coloring power, the production of ultra-fine natural red iron oxide pigments, the main chemical ingredient, fine texture, pure color, particle size distribution science, measured by the Chinese Institute of Chemical Industry Metals data indicate that, in similar products , it is non-toxic, high temperature, not with acid, alkali, salt effect, is replaced Hongdan green pigments. Surface to be easily attached to dust, Every time there was rain Xueshuang, more so the film surface scrub as new, soft  lead stearate colors and elegant, do not fade, change color, replace part of red iron oxide. Natural red iron oxide is mainly used for the production of iron red paint industry series primer, paint, mixed paint and high-grade paint colors such species or building components for color, natural red iron oxide can replace the roots of materials and precipitated barium sulfate , talc and other fillers. ...

The main types of PVC

1.pvc generally soft products.
You can use the extruder extruded hoses, cables, wires, etc.; utilize injection molding machine with a variety of molds can be made of plastic
(7740, -270.00, -3.37%) sandals, shoes, slippers, toys, auto parts and so on.
2.pvc film. pvc mixed with additives, plasticizers, the use antimony trioxide  of three-roll or four-roll calender and formed into a predetermined thickness of a transparent or colored film,
This method of processing a film, a calendered film. You can also cut, heat processing, packaging bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and film use. The biaxially oriented thin
Film, suffered heat shrinkable properties, can be used for shrink packaging.
3.pvc coating products.
There is pvc artificial leather substrate confused spreads the cloth or paper, and then at 100 degrees or more plasticizing. Also available
In the first pvc calendered into a film with additives, and then laminated together with the substrate. No artificial leather substrate is directly from the rolling machine rolling into a certain thickness of the soft system sheet, and then the pressure on the pattern can be. Can be used to make leather suitcases, purses, book cover,
Sofa and car seat, as well as floor coverings, flooring materials for buildings.
4.pvc foam products.
Soft pvc mixing, adding the right amount titanium dioxide rutile  of foaming agent made of sheet material, the foam molding of foam can be used for foam slippers
Sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushion packaging materials. Extruder can also be used as the basis of rigid pvc foam sheet and low profile, alternative timber trial, is a new construction material only.
5.pvc transparent sheet.
pvc impact modifier was added and calcium zinc stabilizer  the organic tin stabilizer, mixing, plasticizing, rolling and a transparent sheet. Using thermal
Molding can be made thin transparent containers or for vacuum packaging, is an excellent packaging materials and decorative materials.
6.pvc hard board and sheet.
adding pvc stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, the kneaded, extruded with an extruder to a variety of hard tube diameter, shaped
Tubes, bellows, as the plumbing, water pipes, wire casing or stair railing. Good hot rolled sheets overlap will be
Made of rigid plates of various thicknesses. Sheet can be cut into desired shape and then use pvc welded by hot air welding
Various chemical resistant tanks, duct and containers.
7.pvc other.
Windows and doors with rigid shaped materials assembled. In some countries such as aluminum windows and wood windows and doors windows and doors occupy common market

PVC heat stabilizers mainly of some description

 1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its catalytic automatically . Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acids, metal soaps , organic tin compounds , epoxy compounds , phenol salts and metal thiolate salt. They can react with HCL , inhibition PVC de HCL response.
 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atoms off the PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule ligand binding chlorine atoms in the ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution .
3 ) the addition reaction of  dibasic lead stearate a polyene structure , a large conjugated system damage formation and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the conjugated structure, and color.
 4 ) to capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off the HCL, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both .
Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituent ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC during processing HCL, eliminating the autocatalytic degradation of the HCL ; third neutralization or passivation of the PVC stabilizer for fittings  catalytic metal ions from the degradation and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through the chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibition degradation coloring ; five is the best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect . Typically heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , rare cases used alone , and most varieties are powdery , some are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or replaced by non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed many kinds of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand  oxidized PE WAX composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have considerable market share in China . Therefore , efforts to promote the application developed in China with high efficiency , low cost , no dust pollution and non-toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer , is the urgent need for the development of the plastics industry .

pvc heat stabilizer some simple instructions

With many countries in the world for environmental awareness and increasingly severe environmental problems , related health problems in people's daily lives by everyone concerned . PVC products used as an extremely wide range of general plastic surface , in the traditional PVC heat stabilizers , containing heavy metals such as lead salt heat stabilizer has a good cost advantage , is widely used . However, with the plastic processing aid  deepening of understanding and found that in the manufacturing process have serious dust pollution, once absorbed by the body after can not be excreted , seriously affecting the health of production workers ; while PVC products containing lead salts in the course will be varies with time precipitation , which also affects the user 's health, especially in medicine and health, children's toys and food packaging-related products is particularly serious. Therefore, the traditional heavy metal toxic heat stabilizers will be fully replaced . Future PVC heat stabilizers are mainly concentrated in the direction of non-toxic calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer and organic tin  titanium dioxide in two ways. Ca / Zn compound stabilizer due to excellent overall performance and cost-effectiveness will ultimately shape the future country PVC stabilizer system of the subject. It is also about to become the next phase of PVC heat stabilizers hotspot.
In summary , pvc heat stabilizer study related subjects in previous studies , based on the liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer metal soap synthesis and complex research to improve synthesis process , improve heat stabilizer comprehensive performance to meet the  PVC flame retardant future needs of multi-functional stabilizer for the relevant enterprises and research institutions to provide a reference . And soft , transparent PVC heat stabilizer complex study to improve thermal stability . If these problems are resolved , there will be our country's non-toxic environmentally friendly PVC heat stabilizers to a higher level , widening environmentally friendly composite heat stabilizer market and shorten the gap with foreign countries . For widening liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer field of use has a positive meaning , and will directly promote the upgrading and development of the PVC industry .

properties of metal soap

SBS has a good high and low temperature performance and temperature performance , is currently the most widely used  dibasic lead phosphate at home and abroad range of modified bitumen varieties but , SBS and asphalt between the density, molecular weight , viscosity, polarity and solubility parameter difference compared to other properties large , high-temperature storage process prone to SBS and bitumen phase separation phenomenon , segregation test in order to achieve the requirements of product fluorescent brightener  standards modified asphalt is very difficult , this feature greatly limits its application [ 1 ] and therefore , the present study is one of the hot issues resolved SBS modified asphalt production and use in the presence of the main thermal storage stability problems. SongXiaoyan [ 2 ] et al showed that organic salts increases the viscosity of bitumen modified asphalt , Meanwhile modified , reducing the temperature sensitivity of asphalt , improved high temperature performance , low temperature performance of the asphalt little effect . Yang Jinquan [ 3 ] and other studies have shown that people , metallic soap, the lack of improvement in low temperature crack resistance , but can  PVC heat stabilizer for fittings enhance the high temperature stability of asphalt in this issue on the basis of previous studies , presented at the SBS modified asphalt adding metal soaps, prepared SBS / metallic soap compound modified bitumen studied SBS, metal soaps complex with its modified asphalt mixture performance is analyzed SBS / metallic soap compound modified asphalt macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure morphology between

stearate some simple description

Spin flash dryer is my factory digestion and absorption of foreign advanced technology , improving developed for drying sticky cream , cake and powder -like materials such as a new type of drying equipment. The factory is equipped with modern laboratories , users can  Impact modifier for PVC do all kinds of material drying tests on behalf of , and assistance to provide test data selection . Works by hot air from the inlet into the high-speed rotating annulus stirring and crushing chamber. Large particles , the larger group than the wet granules are mechanically crushed in the mixing chamber , and subjected to centrifugation , shear , impact , friction and so further micronized particles reduce the moisture content to increase grain evaporation area , low moisture content , smaller particle entrained particles are rotated up , dried further in the rising process . Since the role of gas-solid flow in aluminium stearate  rotating inertia of solid phase than gas , solid-gas relative velocity between the two phases is large, enhanced heat and mass transfer between the two phases , so the machine dry and high strength. Features 1, due to the material by centrifugation , shear , impact , friction is granulated highly dispersed state, and the gas-solid relative velocity between the larger , enhanced heat and mass transfer of the machine dry and high strength. 2 , dry gas into the bottom of the dryer produces strong rotating airflow on the wall material produced a strong rushing effect , eliminate the phenomenon of sticky wall . 3, in the bottom of the dryer temperature zone , heat-sensitive materials are not oxidized PE WAX  in direct contact with hot surfaces , to solve the problem of heat-sensitive materials coking discoloration . 4, due to the drying chamber gas speed at high residence time is short, high efficiency and fast , large-scale production of small devices . 5 , the drying chamber swirl piece set to control material moisture reached very low levels. 6, the upper part of the drying chamber can control the export of materials dispersed particle size and moisture . 1, the air filter 2 , blower 3 , the air heater 4 , the feeding device 5 , the host computer 6 , the cyclone 7 , organic dust : atrazine ( pesticides ) , cadmium laurate , benzoic acid , sterilization , sodium oxalate , cellulose acetate . 2 , the dye : anthracene Kun, black iron oxide , indigo blue pigment , T acid, titanium hydroxide , zinc sulfide , various dyes intermediates. 3 , inorganic : borax , calcium hydroxide, copper sulfate , iron oxide , barium carbonate , antimony trioxide , antimony pentoxide , metal hydroxides , metal salts of a variety of synthetic cryolite . 4 , Ceramics: kaolin , silica , clay. 5 foods: soy protein, gelling starch, lees, wheat bran , wheat starch, etc.

brightener some new role

 FWA scalability of insect virus manifested in two aspects, one is to expand the domain host insect viruses . One found in normal circumstances alfalfa looper nuclear polyhedrosis virus and  methyl tin stabilizer the margin of moth insect pox virus does not infect the gypsy moth , but with fluorescent brightener Phorwit AR enhanced , they can become infected gypsy moth . The second is that some insect viruses in the role of FWA change route of infection . 1994 Dougherty found by experiment gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus oral extracellular type virus does not infect gypsy moth
Many studies and tests found DSD Acid - triazine type fluorescent brighteners individual species with specificity , the typical varieties are fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW. This specificity manifested in the following aspects:
( A ) wide range of applications . Fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW for many kinds of insects tested nuclear polyhedrosis virus has enhanced role, and gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus , the  antimony flame retardant virus particle body gypsy moth , Dendrolimus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and so reflect good enhancement.
( 2 ) enhance the effect. Found by experiment , a fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and some other varieties of optical brighteners , compared with the same concentration under the same conditions added to some insect viruses infect the host , the infection good activity, high efficiency ratio , kill worm speed. Institute of Entomology, Central China Normal University, Guo Junhui , PENG Jian-xin et al to 3rd instar bollworm pest chosen as test fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and fluorescent brightener VBL, Fluorescent Brightener CBS-X three varieties are prepared as 1 % concentration , testing them on celery exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus synergism was found  organic pigments with the virus do not add fluorescent brightener compared synergistic ratios were 218 ; 32.1 and 26.26 times , killing speed were increased by 28% ; 17.3% 13.1%. Other tests also confirmed that a variety of fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW role of insect viruses and insects are extremely significant system performance and stability enhancement , to be research FWA ( stilbene ) enhancing effect on insect viruses standard samples . ( 3) The use of low concentration . As mentioned above , the product is still strong at 0.01%, the enhanced effect ⑵. Studies have shown synergistic activity of its optimal concentration of 0.25% ~ 1%

The main component of the phosphor

In order to understand the chemical composition of the phosphor , we first think of the firefly 's light, firefly light-emitting principle mainly in the following series of processes . Protein + into light into light into light oxygenated enzyme protein ( glows green ) protein + H2O oxygen into light into light firefly protein that is why can continue to light , and bright twinkling reason , it is worth noting that green light emitted by the firefly is a " cold light ", the results of conversion as plastic additive high as 97% . Secondly , we note that the light emitting plastics , light plastics mainly in common plastic braced little radioactive substances, such as 14C, 35Sr, 90Sr , and Na, Th and a luminescent material ZnS, CaS these sulfides of the irradiation light radiation , is excited and emitted visible light ( luminescence ) . Consisting of: Pink color density formula category Y2O3: Eu white 5.1 ± 0.2 green powder CeMgL11O19: Tb white 4.2 ± 0.2 Blue Pink BaMgAl10O17: Eu white 3.7 ± 0.2 bimodal powder blue BaMgA10O17: (Eu, Mn) 3.8 ± 0.2 on white conversion phosphor, the phosphor is excited infrared composition: chemical composition : YErYbF3 appearance: white inorganic powder, grain size : 30nm excitation wavelength : 980nm color: green features : high transmittance , a higher  iron oxide black solvent resistance, luminescence properties of acid substance is broadly divided into two categories: one is the material heat, heat radiation and light, the other is an object absorbs energy and is excited to an excited state ( non steady state ) back to the ground state in the anti- process releases energy in the form of light . Matrix and rare earth compounds as activators in rare earth luminescent materials and more in the latter category , that rare earth phosphor . Rare earth atom has a wealth of electronic energy levels , because rare earth atom electron configuration 4f orbitals exist , for a variety of energy level transitions to create the conditions to obtain a variety of light-emitting properties. Rare luminescent material is a huge treasure in human development of the various light-emitting materials , the rare earth elements plays a very important role. Cathode-ray emitting material - display phosphors mainly used in televisions, oscilloscopes, radar and other types of computer screen and monitor. Rare red phosphor (Y2O3: Eu and Y2O2S: Eu) for color TV screen , the brightness of the TV to achieve a higher level . Blue and green phosphors are still using non- rare earth phosphors, but La2O2S: Tb ​​green phosphor luminescence characteristics of a good , there is development prospects. Recently color TV unified use EBU ( European Broadcasting Union ) color , Pink is Y2O2S: Eu. The computer does not like the color television that the  plastic processing aid reproducibility of importance , and priority to brightness , and thus stronger in orange red , Y2O2S Eu in an amount of usually 5 ~ 7wt%. Pink color television in the Eu content of about 1.5 times the computer . When the light is a substance into another substance shine again when the back is chemical energy into

heat stabilizer mechanism

Broadly speaking, all to improve the thermal stability of the polymer for the purpose of adding additives can be  plastic additive called heat stabilizers. In addition to heat stabilizer
Apply a small amount of rubber and other resin processing, mainly used for thermal stability problem is very prominent PVC processing. Thus, in general
Said heat stabilizers of PVC and specifically refers to a copolymer of PVC heat stabilizer.
 In the process of thermal degradation of PVC, almost no monomer, but generate a lot of HCl. PVC thermal degradation mechanism is very
Complex, the same, the mechanism of thermal stabilizer is also very complicated. Comprehensive results of the  PVC shoes stabilizer current study, the role of heat stabilizers can be summarized
For the prevention of type (neutralizing HCl, replace unstable Cl atoms and prevent auto-oxidation) and remedial-type (with PVC anti-unsaturated sites
Should undermine carbocation) two kinds.
As follows:
1 absorption and HCl, inhibit its catalytic automatically. Such stabilizers include lead salts, organic acids, metal soaps with
Organotin compounds, epoxy compounds, amines, metal alkoxide and a phenolic salts and metal thiolate salt. They are available with HCl to inhibit
PVC de-HCl reaction system.
 (2) replacement of PVC unstable allylic chlorine molecule or a tertiary carbon atom chlorine atom, inhibit de PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer
Instability of PVC molecules of chlorine ligand binding occurs, the ligand, organic tin substitution with an unstable chlorine atoms.
3 with the addition reaction of a polyene structure, damage the formation of a large conjugated system and reduce coloration. Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing
There is a double bond, with PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction, thereby undermining its conjugate structure, inhibit discoloration.
4 capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction. Such as adding phenolic stabilizers can block off heat HCl, H is given as phenol
Atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be, and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both.
 Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance, or a mixture of some materials, they are able whitening agent  to achieve a
The following functions:
1 replacement lively, unstable substituent such as attached to the tertiary Cl Cl atom or allyl chloride, to form a stable structure
(2) to absorb and process the PVC processing and release of HCl, HCl elimination autocatalytic degradation;
 3 and in the degradation or passivating the catalytic metal ions and other harmful impurities; 4 by chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibiting degradation coloring;
 5 The best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect.

PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of several factors

1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the  chromium oxide same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed. Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level. Thermal stabilizer in the PVC stabilizer for pipe  molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light, PVC products, higher transparency. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC, the linear molecule has a smaller length, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC.

PVC composite heat stabilizer

Stabilizers to an increased solution, gel, solid, chemical stability of the mixture. It can slow down the reaction, to maintain chemical balance, reduce surface tension and prevent light, thermal decomposition or oxidative decomposition effect. Generalized chemical stabilizers wide range of sources, mainly based formulation designed to organic pigments  designers, the flexibility to use any chemicals to achieve the purpose of product quality and stability. Narrowly speaking, mainly refers to maintaining high polymer plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers such as stability, to prevent its decomposition, the aging of the reagent. PVC sheet composite heat stabilizer is a compound of lead from the dust symbiotic (Co-reaction) reaction technology, to ensure thermal stability of the base element composition (such as two. Three salt, metal soaps) in the reaction system was in the beginning of the body Eco grain size and mixed with various lubricants to ensure the  potassium stearate product groups were thoroughly mixed uniformly PVC products widely used performance indicators:
1, at the processing temperature can improve the stability, effectively prevents a partial coking material.
2, compatibility with PVC and dispersion, and do not migrate, non-blooming, easy to be water, oil or solvent dissolution without grinding.
3, to improve the flow properties of PVC materials, to facilitate a smooth process, improve product yield, reduce processing machinery running wear.
4, not only the ability to learn a better defense, and electrical properties of products, high frequency welding, adhesion and second processing performance is also good.
5, various additives to reduce the potassium soap deposition surface in the processing machinery, product appearance and good quality.
6, reduce pollution, reduce labor intensity, inexpensive, easy to use.