Aluminum sulfate as the coagulant , it is acidic chemicals, waste water can also be used as an alkaline pH adjustment chemicals . It is a traditional pharmaceutical wastewater , which organic pigments both participate in the wastewater effluent coagulation treatment , and is also involved in wastewater treatment . We look at what is waste and wastewater coagulation treatment and disposal method .
Wastewater treatment aluminum sulphate coagulation coagulation wastewater treatment to waste water by adding coagulant ( such as aluminum sulfate , ferrous sulfate , etc. ) , dissolved alumina colloid, the colloidal substances in wastewater the fine coagulated or flocculated suspended solids are separated out water and solid contaminants , methods Flame
retardant to purify wastewater .
And wastewater treatment
And wastewater treatment method is the use of treated wastewater and the purification of the approach. The basic principle is to make the acidic wastewater plus the OH or H and the alkaline wastewater OH and H- plus interactions generate weak dissociation of water molecules , while generating additional soluble or insoluble salts, thus PVC plasticizer eliminate their harmful effects. Obey the law of the reaction equivalent , can be processed using this method and recovered by using an acidic water and alkaline water , acidic or alkaline water can adjust the PH. The chemical treatment of sewage by chemical reaction action to remove the impurities , mainly in sewage processing target inorganic or organic ( difficult biodegradable ) dissolved substances or colloidal substances. Commonly used chemical treatment methods such as chemical coagulation , neutralization, chemical precipitation and oxidation-reduction method . In the coagulation of aluminum sulfate, ferrous applications are more extensive , and in the middle and the most widely applied method is lime , ferrous sulfate is also used for redox .
Optical brightener
2013年9月29日星期日
The use of aluminum sulfate sweatband
Heard of aluminum sulfate paper sizing role in the coagulation of sewage treatment , as alum and other raw materials , such as medical supplies . Heard of it can be used as antiperspirant it ? In this upcoming summer , we take a look at how aluminum sulfate sweatband .
What is the antiperspirant
Antiperspirant is used to inhibit sweating chemical PVC stabilizer products, generally used in human underarm sweating so easy part . Antiperspirant aluminum and zirconium -containing , and damage can block Porokeratosis , sweat glands can be suppressed . Sweating agents usually spray , roller , and paste , three types. Currently the market launch stressed that we can sweatband thirty antiperspirant deodorant , the main component of aluminum , aluminum and aluminum molecules through the painting , you can block the body sweat duct outlet , to improve the situation sweat , the effect pretty good, but Metal stearate antiperspirant only applies to a small area, such as the armpits , face , etc. , the disadvantage is to maintain a limited effect and validity is not long. Antiperspirant effect of aluminum sulfate
Antiperspirants to reduce perspiration to 20% can be regarded as antiperspirants , metal salts such as aluminum chloride , aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride is that the effective agent in many products . Since antiperspirants closed and cause irritation or rash sweat , so try not to use more than you actually need antiperspirant . Sugary antiperspirants, to PVC heat stabilizer avoid the use of safe , because a lot of people in the use of zirconium-containing products, their armpits called granulomas appear small mass. Avoid sweating inflammation or just shaved skin using antiperspirants . Deodorants and antiperspirants applied to the shaved skin but not dry , the most prone to skin irritation symptoms, the causes of which are such products a common side effect. In summary, aluminum sulfate and ferrous sulfate salts such as antiperspirants , you can say it is the second as a deodorant , fluoride agents and flotation agent after another little-known feature . I will continue to serve you tap its other effects .
What is the antiperspirant
Antiperspirant is used to inhibit sweating chemical PVC stabilizer products, generally used in human underarm sweating so easy part . Antiperspirant aluminum and zirconium -containing , and damage can block Porokeratosis , sweat glands can be suppressed . Sweating agents usually spray , roller , and paste , three types. Currently the market launch stressed that we can sweatband thirty antiperspirant deodorant , the main component of aluminum , aluminum and aluminum molecules through the painting , you can block the body sweat duct outlet , to improve the situation sweat , the effect pretty good, but Metal stearate antiperspirant only applies to a small area, such as the armpits , face , etc. , the disadvantage is to maintain a limited effect and validity is not long. Antiperspirant effect of aluminum sulfate
Antiperspirants to reduce perspiration to 20% can be regarded as antiperspirants , metal salts such as aluminum chloride , aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride is that the effective agent in many products . Since antiperspirants closed and cause irritation or rash sweat , so try not to use more than you actually need antiperspirant . Sugary antiperspirants, to PVC heat stabilizer avoid the use of safe , because a lot of people in the use of zirconium-containing products, their armpits called granulomas appear small mass. Avoid sweating inflammation or just shaved skin using antiperspirants . Deodorants and antiperspirants applied to the shaved skin but not dry , the most prone to skin irritation symptoms, the causes of which are such products a common side effect. In summary, aluminum sulfate and ferrous sulfate salts such as antiperspirants , you can say it is the second as a deodorant , fluoride agents and flotation agent after another little-known feature . I will continue to serve you tap its other effects .
2013年9月28日星期六
PVC heat stabilizers mainly of some description
1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its catalytic automatically . Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acids, metal soaps , organic tin compounds , epoxy compounds , phenol salts and metal thiolate salt. They can react with HCL , inhibition PVC de HCL response.
2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atoms off the PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule ligand binding chlorine atoms in the ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution .
3 ) the addition reaction of dibasic lead stearate a polyene structure , a large conjugated system damage formation and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the conjugated structure, and color.
4 ) to capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off the HCL, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both .
Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituent ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC during processing HCL, eliminating the autocatalytic degradation of the HCL ; third neutralization or passivation of the PVC stabilizer for fittings catalytic metal ions from the degradation and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through the chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibition degradation coloring ; five is the best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect . Typically heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , rare cases used alone , and most varieties are powdery , some are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or replaced by non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed many kinds of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand oxidized PE WAX composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have considerable market share in China . Therefore , efforts to promote the application developed in China with high efficiency , low cost , no dust pollution and non-toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer , is the urgent need for the development of the plastics industry .
2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atoms off the PVC. Such as organic tin stabilizer of PVC unstable molecule ligand binding chlorine atoms in the ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution .
3 ) the addition reaction of dibasic lead stearate a polyene structure , a large conjugated system damage formation and reduce coloration . A salt of an unsaturated acid or ester containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the conjugated structure, and color.
4 ) to capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . Such as adding phenolic heat stabilizers can block off the HCL, is due to give phenol H atom radical degradation of PVC macromolecules with radical coupling reaction with O2 to form a substance can not be , and has a thermal stability. Such thermal stabilizers may have one or several functions of both .
Ideal PVC heat stabilizer should be a multi-functional substance , or a mixture of some materials , they can achieve the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituent ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC during processing HCL, eliminating the autocatalytic degradation of the HCL ; third neutralization or passivation of the PVC stabilizer for fittings catalytic metal ions from the degradation and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through the chemical reaction forms an unsaturated bond can block the continued growth inhibition degradation coloring ; five is the best protection against ultraviolet radiation shielding effect . Typically heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , rare cases used alone , and most varieties are powdery , some are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or replaced by non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed many kinds of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand oxidized PE WAX composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have considerable market share in China . Therefore , efforts to promote the application developed in China with high efficiency , low cost , no dust pollution and non-toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer , is the urgent need for the development of the plastics industry .
pvc heat stabilizer some simple instructions
With many countries in the world for environmental awareness and increasingly severe environmental problems , related health problems in people's daily lives by everyone concerned . PVC products used as an extremely wide range of general plastic surface , in the traditional PVC heat stabilizers , containing heavy metals such as lead salt heat stabilizer has a good cost advantage , is widely used . However, with the plastic processing
aid deepening of understanding and found that in the manufacturing process have serious dust pollution, once absorbed by the body after can not be excreted , seriously affecting the health of production workers ; while PVC products containing lead salts in the course will be varies with time precipitation , which also affects the user 's health, especially in medicine and health, children's toys and food packaging-related products is particularly serious. Therefore, the traditional heavy metal toxic heat stabilizers will be fully replaced . Future PVC heat stabilizers are mainly concentrated in the direction of non-toxic calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer and organic tin titanium
dioxide in two ways. Ca / Zn compound stabilizer due to excellent overall performance and cost-effectiveness will ultimately shape the future country PVC stabilizer system of the subject. It is also about to become the next phase of PVC heat stabilizers hotspot.
In summary , pvc heat stabilizer study related subjects in previous studies , based on the liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer metal soap synthesis and complex research to improve synthesis process , improve heat stabilizer comprehensive performance to meet the PVC flame retardant future needs of multi-functional stabilizer for the relevant enterprises and research institutions to provide a reference . And soft , transparent PVC heat stabilizer complex study to improve thermal stability . If these problems are resolved , there will be our country's non-toxic environmentally friendly PVC heat stabilizers to a higher level , widening environmentally friendly composite heat stabilizer market and shorten the gap with foreign countries . For widening liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer field of use has a positive meaning , and will directly promote the upgrading and development of the PVC industry .
In summary , pvc heat stabilizer study related subjects in previous studies , based on the liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer metal soap synthesis and complex research to improve synthesis process , improve heat stabilizer comprehensive performance to meet the PVC flame retardant future needs of multi-functional stabilizer for the relevant enterprises and research institutions to provide a reference . And soft , transparent PVC heat stabilizer complex study to improve thermal stability . If these problems are resolved , there will be our country's non-toxic environmentally friendly PVC heat stabilizers to a higher level , widening environmentally friendly composite heat stabilizer market and shorten the gap with foreign countries . For widening liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer field of use has a positive meaning , and will directly promote the upgrading and development of the PVC industry .
2013年9月27日星期五
aluminum soap component analysis of some of the key
Aluminum sulfate: white shiny crystals, granules or powder. Sweet. Stable in air. 86.5 ℃ when the loss of part of the crystal water, 250 ℃ lose all crystal water. Violently expanding when heated and become a sponge-like material. Thermal decomposition of red burn sulfur trioxide and aluminum oxide. When the relative humidity of about 25% lower weathering. Soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol, the solution is acidic. Long after boiling insoluble basic salt precipitation. The relative density of 1.62. Aluminum sulfate is a widely used industrial reagent, usually yellow
iron oxide with alum (potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate both) confusion. Aluminum sulfate is often used as flocculant for purifying drinking water and wastewater treatment equipment which is also used in the paper industry. Aluminum sulfate application: 1. Papermaking industry as paper sizing agent to enhance water-resistant paper, anti-seepage performance; 2 dissolved in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc was thus removed from water, the coagulant for water and wastewater; 3 as turbidity purification, also used as a precipitating agent, fixing agent, fillers and iron
oxide black the like. Used in cosmetic antiperspirant cosmetic ingredients (astringent); 4 Fire industry, and baking soda, composed of foam blowing agents; 5. Analytical reagents, mordant, tanning agents, oil bleaching agent, wood preservative agents; 6 pasteurized albumin stabilizer (including liquid or frozen whole eggs, egg yolk protein or); 7 can be used for raw material for the manufacture of artificial stones and advanced ammonium alum, aluminates other; 8. fuel industry , in the production of chrome yellow and color lakes made the plastic processing
aid precipitating agent, and a filler while underway fixing role. Preparation of aluminum sulfate: pressurized by the bauxite and sulfuric acid reaction. Or sulfuric acid decomposition alunite, kaolin and alumina containing silicon material can be obtained. Aluminum sulfate can also be aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is prepared. 2Al (OH) 3 + 3H2SO4 + 10H2O → Al2 (SO4) 3.16 H2O 1. Crystallized from the resulting acidic solution of aluminum sulfate hydrate crystals slowly heated, it gradually dehydrated, and finally the temperature was raised to 350 ℃, is completely Dehydration as anhydrous aluminum sulfate; 2 sulfuric acid method: pulverized to a particle size of bauxite, the addition of sulfuric acid to the reaction vessel and the reaction solution after sedimentation, the supernatant adding sulfuric acid to neutral or slightly alkaline, and then concentrated to about 115 ℃, solidified by cooling, crushing prepared products.
2013年9月26日星期四
calcium stearate simple narrative
Heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and tribasic
lead sulphate the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding epoxidation
of soybean oil of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefin polyolefin acid neutralizer color stability and corrosion have a direct contribution ;
Lubricating / processing aids improve carbon black powder the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , profiling , etc. ) , and press molding processability.
Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam . Storage
The product packaging woven bag lined with plastic bag, 20KG or 10KG, stored in a cool , dry place , away from sources of fire , moisture , heat, not with acid, alkali and corrosive substances mixed Commonwealth Games .
Lubricating / processing aids improve carbon black powder the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , profiling , etc. ) , and press molding processability.
Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam . Storage
The product packaging woven bag lined with plastic bag, 20KG or 10KG, stored in a cool , dry place , away from sources of fire , moisture , heat, not with acid, alkali and corrosive substances mixed Commonwealth Games .
Some of the major properties of calcium stearate
Calcium stearate, calcium stearate uniform nature of fine white powder. Melting point 175 ℃, density 1.035g/cm3. Dissolved in toluene , ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents , insoluble fluorescent
brightener in water . Slowly heated to 400 ℃, decomposition, combustible , the case of decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salts . Water absorption, non-toxic.
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in Impact modifier for PVC food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when whitening agent manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in Impact modifier for PVC food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when whitening agent manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam
2013年9月25日星期三
properties of metal soap
SBS has a good high and low temperature performance and temperature performance , is currently the most widely used dibasic
lead phosphate at home and abroad range of modified bitumen varieties but , SBS and asphalt between the density, molecular weight , viscosity, polarity and solubility parameter difference compared to other properties large , high-temperature storage process prone to SBS and bitumen phase separation phenomenon , segregation test in order to achieve the requirements of product fluorescent
brightener standards modified asphalt is very difficult , this feature greatly limits its application [ 1 ] and therefore , the present study is one of the hot issues resolved SBS modified asphalt production and use in the presence of the main thermal storage stability problems. SongXiaoyan [ 2 ] et al showed that organic salts increases the viscosity of bitumen modified asphalt , Meanwhile modified , reducing the temperature sensitivity of asphalt , improved high temperature performance , low temperature performance of the asphalt little effect . Yang Jinquan [ 3 ] and other studies have shown that people , metallic soap, the lack of improvement in low temperature crack resistance , but can PVC
heat stabilizer for fittings enhance the high temperature stability of asphalt in this issue on the basis of previous studies , presented at the SBS modified asphalt adding metal soaps, prepared SBS / metallic soap compound modified bitumen studied SBS, metal soaps complex with its modified asphalt mixture performance is analyzed SBS / metallic soap compound modified asphalt macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure morphology between
Organotin stabilizers may be used alone
also for both the transparent where good thermal stability , but can also be the barium , cadmium compounds mixed to obtain a synergistic effect .
Tin stabilizer good machining properties , they are particularly suitable for rigid products . While its light stability than barium / cadmium stabilizer better , but some in the processing of organic tin to arouse tacky lubricant is therefore required to be adjusted . Tin plastic lubricant compounds containing sulfur and lead compounds contaminating action will occur , so the two should be avoided in combination .
( 1 ) Dibutyl tin dilaurate : The stabilizers can be made very transparent products , soft products are often used in the . Its processing temperature is not too high , the quality of the products, processing Chin have sufficient thermal stability and good light stability.
( 2 ) two maleic acid butyl tin : its thermal stability than dibutyltin dilaurate is good, especially for hard injection or extrusion products. Processing temperatures up to 200 ° C or more, with PVC foaming board stabilizer good light stability . Such stabilizers prevent the contaminating action of vulcanization , the sulfur can effectively replace the tin compounds . The disadvantage is that at high concentrations may bleed , while in the process of irritating gases released .
( 3 ) a sulfur-containing tin stabilizers : This type of material has a maximum thermal stability , but also can obtain good product transparency , it is widely used for a transparent extruded products in rigid . Usually the hard composition an amount of about 2.0 ~ 3.0Phr, be less soft . Because they have no lubrication, so the application must be added the right amount of lubricant.
( 4 ) n-octyl tin salts : All of the tin compounds , in addition to other n- octyltin are toxic , so it is suitable for non-toxic products. Its characteristics with sulfur-containing tin compounds are close , suitable for hard or soft transparent tube. 4 , the stabilizer tends Although a variety of different stabilizers and combinations of the number of rapid growth, but lead compounds is still by far the most low molecular polyethylene widely used . Lead stabilizer also has drawbacks , chief among them :
( 1 ) toxicity.
( 2 ) to achieve the required degree of stability , a higher dosage .
{3 ) a large proportion of the volume of products to make steady increase in cost .
( 4 ) so that the plastic colored transparent products can not be produced ( except for certain lead compounds ) .
( 5 ) in the plastic dispersion is difficult .
Especially the toxicity of lead compounds , these dust -like powder in a pinch and toxic or plasticizing process of the operator's health has been compromised. Therefore, only valid when the suction removal equipment can be directly applied to the open type kneading machine, and preferably a stabilizer way sucked plasticizer added to the appropriate ground pulp , or the manufacturer of the lead salt was crisp like , pasty , granular or liquid , particularly liquid lead stabilizers , which can reduce the relative amount in the formulation , not only eliminates the risk of toxic dust , and the ratio of solid and slurry pipelines easier to avoid dust emissions, to prevent lead poisoning.
In the selection of a stabilizer , to take into account the savings with lead . Therefore , the choice of stabilizing effect of a good multi-component composite stabilizer is necessary. Other liquids used stabilizer is improved dispersion stabilizer effective way . Especially cadmium / barium / zinc and epoxy compounds and chelating agents , such combinations are often applied liquid stabilizer , in addition, lead stearate pulp, pulp cadmium , barium pulp powder flying can also be changed for improvement .
Composite stabilizer applications, but also stabilizing agent with one important development process . Indeed, some soaps can be applied individually, after mixing with other stabilizers has a good synergistic effect . The method of the composition of mixed system , not only the individual simply mixed with each other stabilizers , and metal soap -based stabilizers in the manufacturing process to be coprecipitated . For example, barium laurate / cadmium , etc., so the effect will be more significant. Now the application has become more complex mixture including barium / cadmium organic salts , zinc soap antioxidants , ultraviolet absorbers, chelating agents , and epoxy compounds .
Tin stabilizer good machining properties , they are particularly suitable for rigid products . While its light stability than barium / cadmium stabilizer better , but some in the processing of organic tin to arouse tacky lubricant is therefore required to be adjusted . Tin plastic lubricant compounds containing sulfur and lead compounds contaminating action will occur , so the two should be avoided in combination .
( 1 ) Dibutyl tin dilaurate : The stabilizers can be made very transparent products , soft products are often used in the . Its processing temperature is not too high , the quality of the products, processing Chin have sufficient thermal stability and good light stability.
( 2 ) two maleic acid butyl tin : its thermal stability than dibutyltin dilaurate is good, especially for hard injection or extrusion products. Processing temperatures up to 200 ° C or more, with PVC foaming board stabilizer good light stability . Such stabilizers prevent the contaminating action of vulcanization , the sulfur can effectively replace the tin compounds . The disadvantage is that at high concentrations may bleed , while in the process of irritating gases released .
( 3 ) a sulfur-containing tin stabilizers : This type of material has a maximum thermal stability , but also can obtain good product transparency , it is widely used for a transparent extruded products in rigid . Usually the hard composition an amount of about 2.0 ~ 3.0Phr, be less soft . Because they have no lubrication, so the application must be added the right amount of lubricant.
( 4 ) n-octyl tin salts : All of the tin compounds , in addition to other n- octyltin are toxic , so it is suitable for non-toxic products. Its characteristics with sulfur-containing tin compounds are close , suitable for hard or soft transparent tube. 4 , the stabilizer tends Although a variety of different stabilizers and combinations of the number of rapid growth, but lead compounds is still by far the most low molecular polyethylene widely used . Lead stabilizer also has drawbacks , chief among them :
( 1 ) toxicity.
( 2 ) to achieve the required degree of stability , a higher dosage .
{3 ) a large proportion of the volume of products to make steady increase in cost .
( 4 ) so that the plastic colored transparent products can not be produced ( except for certain lead compounds ) .
( 5 ) in the plastic dispersion is difficult .
Especially the toxicity of lead compounds , these dust -like powder in a pinch and toxic or plasticizing process of the operator's health has been compromised. Therefore, only valid when the suction removal equipment can be directly applied to the open type kneading machine, and preferably a stabilizer way sucked plasticizer added to the appropriate ground pulp , or the manufacturer of the lead salt was crisp like , pasty , granular or liquid , particularly liquid lead stabilizers , which can reduce the relative amount in the formulation , not only eliminates the risk of toxic dust , and the ratio of solid and slurry pipelines easier to avoid dust emissions, to prevent lead poisoning.
In the selection of a stabilizer , to take into account the savings with lead . Therefore , the choice of stabilizing effect of a good multi-component composite stabilizer is necessary. Other liquids used stabilizer is improved dispersion stabilizer effective way . Especially cadmium / barium / zinc and epoxy compounds and chelating agents , such combinations are often applied liquid stabilizer , in addition, lead stearate pulp, pulp cadmium , barium pulp powder flying can also be changed for improvement .
Composite stabilizer applications, but also stabilizing agent with one important development process . Indeed, some soaps can be applied individually, after mixing with other stabilizers has a good synergistic effect . The method of the composition of mixed system , not only the individual simply mixed with each other stabilizers , and metal soap -based stabilizers in the manufacturing process to be coprecipitated . For example, barium laurate / cadmium , etc., so the effect will be more significant. Now the application has become more complex mixture including barium / cadmium organic salts , zinc soap antioxidants , ultraviolet absorbers, chelating agents , and epoxy compounds .
2013年9月24日星期二
Wide range of uses stearate
Stearate is an additive for a wide range , the most important role of the polymer with very good results. Such as polyolefins can be used as an acid neutralizer , the article has a good lubricating effect , increase chrome
oxide life expectancy ( in terms of the thermoset product ) . Market , stearate great demand, generally focused on: calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate these types . Lianyungang Huaming Tai Material Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in three types of stearate.
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , Changzhou Yi degrees Drying Equipment Co. recommend my company developed flash dryer as stearate final titanium dioxide rutile process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the Plastic chemical premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , Changzhou Yi degrees Drying Equipment Co. recommend my company developed flash dryer as stearate final titanium dioxide rutile process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the Plastic chemical premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
stearate some simple description
Spin flash dryer is my factory digestion and absorption of foreign advanced technology , improving developed for drying sticky cream , cake and powder -like materials such as a new type of drying equipment. The factory is equipped with modern laboratories , users can Impact modifier for
PVC do all kinds of material drying tests on behalf of , and assistance to provide test data selection . Works by hot air from the inlet into the high-speed rotating annulus stirring and crushing chamber. Large particles , the larger group than the wet granules are mechanically crushed in the mixing chamber , and subjected to centrifugation , shear , impact , friction and so further micronized particles reduce the moisture content to increase grain evaporation area , low moisture content , smaller particle entrained particles are rotated up , dried further in the rising process . Since the role of gas-solid flow in aluminium
stearate rotating inertia of solid phase than gas , solid-gas relative velocity between the two phases is large, enhanced heat and mass transfer between the two phases , so the machine dry and high strength. Features 1, due to the material by centrifugation , shear , impact , friction is granulated highly dispersed state, and the gas-solid relative velocity between the larger , enhanced heat and mass transfer of the machine dry and high strength. 2 , dry gas into the bottom of the dryer produces strong rotating airflow on the wall material produced a strong rushing effect , eliminate the phenomenon of sticky wall . 3, in the bottom of the dryer temperature zone , heat-sensitive materials are not oxidized
PE WAX in direct contact with hot surfaces , to solve the problem of heat-sensitive materials coking discoloration . 4, due to the drying chamber gas speed at high residence time is short, high efficiency and fast , large-scale production of small devices . 5 , the drying chamber swirl piece set to control material moisture reached very low levels. 6, the upper part of the drying chamber can control the export of materials dispersed particle size and moisture . 1, the air filter 2 , blower 3 , the air heater 4 , the feeding device 5 , the host computer 6 , the cyclone 7 , organic dust : atrazine ( pesticides ) , cadmium laurate , benzoic acid , sterilization , sodium oxalate , cellulose acetate . 2 , the dye : anthracene Kun, black iron oxide , indigo blue pigment , T acid, titanium hydroxide , zinc sulfide , various dyes intermediates. 3 , inorganic : borax , calcium hydroxide, copper sulfate , iron oxide , barium carbonate , antimony trioxide , antimony pentoxide , metal hydroxides , metal salts of a variety of synthetic cryolite . 4 , Ceramics: kaolin , silica , clay. 5 foods: soy protein, gelling starch, lees, wheat bran , wheat starch, etc.
2013年9月23日星期一
The method of zinc stearate
Zinc stearate : "White powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , benzene , toluene, turpentine and other organic solvents ; across decomposed into stearic acid, and the corresponding salts ; under dry conditions in a fire resistance, ignition point 900 ℃; hygroscopicity.
Discloses a particular class of zinc stearate and iron oxide yellow its production process , characterized in that the use of stearic acid, zinc oxide or zinc peroxide or hydrogen
Zinc oxide, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agent combination according to the ratio of 100:14.3-19.5:0.2-1.5:0.02-0.5 , the Metal stearate manufacturing process of the present invention
Simple , low energy consumption , no waste generation, do not pollute the environment, the present invention is a specific grade zinc stearate , product quality meet the national standard , and even some
Indicators better than the national one product standards , not only to meet the high polyethylene, polystyrene resin iron oxide needs , but also for PVC, resin, rubber , textiles, cosmetics and other industries.
Discloses a particular class of zinc stearate and iron oxide yellow its production process , characterized in that the use of stearic acid, zinc oxide or zinc peroxide or hydrogen
Zinc oxide, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agent combination according to the ratio of 100:14.3-19.5:0.2-1.5:0.02-0.5 , the Metal stearate manufacturing process of the present invention
Simple , low energy consumption , no waste generation, do not pollute the environment, the present invention is a specific grade zinc stearate , product quality meet the national standard , and even some
Indicators better than the national one product standards , not only to meet the high polyethylene, polystyrene resin iron oxide needs , but also for PVC, resin, rubber , textiles, cosmetics and other industries.
polyurethane material in the pipe Application
Have great use of the polyurethane material , the pipe also has a very large application . Anticorrosive material selection determines whether the long-distance oil and gas pipelines build quality . In the long-distance oil and gas pipelines construction, anti-corrosion potassium stearate materials the basic requirements are:
( 1 ) Good electrical insulation: anti-corrosion layer between the opposite sides of a certain area of resistance should be less than 10000Ω · m2; resistant strength not less than the breakdown voltage spark detector test voltage standard.
( 2 ) resistance to cathodic stripping : coating should have a certain ability to ensure corrosion resistance to cathodic stripping layer PVC stabilizer for fittings and the substrate can be effectively and stick together.
( 3 ) sufficient mechanical strength : a certain impact strength, handling and to prevent damage caused by the soil pressure ; has good bending resistance , to ensure that the pipe construction not be damaged by bending ; has better wear , so as to prevent damage due to soil friction ; the pipe has good adhesion.
( 4 ) Good Stability: resistance to antimony oxide atmospheric aging properties ; chemical stability ; good water resistance, low water absorption ; has sufficient heat resistance ; resistance, low temperature performance, ensure its stacked pull operation and construction no cracks, no shedding.
( 5 ) simple repair of : coating should be easy to repair after damage , saving construction time.
( 6 ) anti-microbial properties .
( 1 ) Good electrical insulation: anti-corrosion layer between the opposite sides of a certain area of resistance should be less than 10000Ω · m2; resistant strength not less than the breakdown voltage spark detector test voltage standard.
( 2 ) resistance to cathodic stripping : coating should have a certain ability to ensure corrosion resistance to cathodic stripping layer PVC stabilizer for fittings and the substrate can be effectively and stick together.
( 3 ) sufficient mechanical strength : a certain impact strength, handling and to prevent damage caused by the soil pressure ; has good bending resistance , to ensure that the pipe construction not be damaged by bending ; has better wear , so as to prevent damage due to soil friction ; the pipe has good adhesion.
( 4 ) Good Stability: resistance to antimony oxide atmospheric aging properties ; chemical stability ; good water resistance, low water absorption ; has sufficient heat resistance ; resistance, low temperature performance, ensure its stacked pull operation and construction no cracks, no shedding.
( 5 ) simple repair of : coating should be easy to repair after damage , saving construction time.
( 6 ) anti-microbial properties .
2013年9月22日星期日
polyethylene wax (PE wax ) in the role of PVC pipe
Polyethylene wax (PE wax ) in PVC pipe Application : PVC pipe sections in the production , there will be not smooth and shiny is bad phenomenon.
Some people do use paraffin lubricant , but heat stabilizer for foaming board the effect is not ideal. The use of polyethylene wax lubricant of PVC pipe sections have better results.
Paraffin wax lubricant as pvc , since a low softening point , good dispersibility , high temperature in the production process , basically the liquefied wax , evaporates into a gas in PVC pipe applications, the calcium zinc stabilizer wax is difficult to play a role. Scattered ineffective, out of PVC pipe sections will have the surface stain .
Polyethylene wax (PE wax )
Polyethylene wax (PE wax ) produced PVC pipe profiles would not have such problems , because the softening point of the polyethylene wax itself is high , but at high temperatures, the polyethylene wax (PE wax ) but will become liquid , viscosity, polyethylene wax (PE wax ) poor dispersion , but the light is very good, polyethylene wax (PE wax ) , then a low viscosity , good dispersion , light can also.
Only pure polyethylene wax (PE wax ) production aluminum hydroxide out of PVC pipe sections until smooth and shiny. Polyethylene wax containing impurities quality will be relatively worse .
Some people do use paraffin lubricant , but heat stabilizer for foaming board the effect is not ideal. The use of polyethylene wax lubricant of PVC pipe sections have better results.
Paraffin wax lubricant as pvc , since a low softening point , good dispersibility , high temperature in the production process , basically the liquefied wax , evaporates into a gas in PVC pipe applications, the calcium zinc stabilizer wax is difficult to play a role. Scattered ineffective, out of PVC pipe sections will have the surface stain .
Polyethylene wax (PE wax )
Polyethylene wax (PE wax ) produced PVC pipe profiles would not have such problems , because the softening point of the polyethylene wax itself is high , but at high temperatures, the polyethylene wax (PE wax ) but will become liquid , viscosity, polyethylene wax (PE wax ) poor dispersion , but the light is very good, polyethylene wax (PE wax ) , then a low viscosity , good dispersion , light can also.
Only pure polyethylene wax (PE wax ) production aluminum hydroxide out of PVC pipe sections until smooth and shiny. Polyethylene wax containing impurities quality will be relatively worse .
Supply of PVC impact modifier intended use
Second, the main performance:
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the theoretical basis and the oxidized PE WAX impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the carbon black powder low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve plastic processing aid impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the theoretical basis and the oxidized PE WAX impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the carbon black powder low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve plastic processing aid impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
2013年9月21日星期六
How polyacrylamide application as auxiliaries
Auxiliaries is to make paint can be securely adhered to the fabric as a binder. The polyacrylamide has a strong adsorption adhesion ability , it can be butyl
stearate used as additives in many application areas . Flocculant aluminum sulfate can be used as paper making, printing and dyeing fixing agent retention , and polyacrylamide as auxiliaries for textile dyeing almost throughout the entire process.
Polyacrylamide dyeing auxiliaries throughout the application
In the slurry bath, a small amount of cast polyacrylamide can reduce the use of the slurry , the slurry can be more uniformly adsorbed on the fabric, strengthening film.
Adding a small amount of polyacrylamide can increase the oxidized PE WAX suction rate desizing , desizing chemicals in reducing concentrations and desizing costs. Added in the dyeing scouring polyacrylamide as its surfactant can increase the permeability of alkali , to reduce the processing time and improve the printing results. Polyacrylamide fabric can reduce sulfur oxidation spot, thereby improving product quality. In the dyeing of cellulose reactive dye can improve uniformity and anchor effect .
Polyacrylamide other additives applications In acrylic processing addition , polyacrylamide as dyeing auxiliaries in addition to , but also as a sewage treatment flocculants or coagulant used . PAM as an additive applications , the molecules can promote other drugs properties play , play thickening , adsorption , or to form a network bridge such as the role is a set apprehend flocculation , dispersion, thickening , bonding, forming , gel , stable colloidal multifunctional additives.
Polyacrylamide dyeing auxiliaries throughout the application
In the slurry bath, a small amount of cast polyacrylamide can reduce the use of the slurry , the slurry can be more uniformly adsorbed on the fabric, strengthening film.
Adding a small amount of polyacrylamide can increase the oxidized PE WAX suction rate desizing , desizing chemicals in reducing concentrations and desizing costs. Added in the dyeing scouring polyacrylamide as its surfactant can increase the permeability of alkali , to reduce the processing time and improve the printing results. Polyacrylamide fabric can reduce sulfur oxidation spot, thereby improving product quality. In the dyeing of cellulose reactive dye can improve uniformity and anchor effect .
Polyacrylamide other additives applications In acrylic processing addition , polyacrylamide as dyeing auxiliaries in addition to , but also as a sewage treatment flocculants or coagulant used . PAM as an additive applications , the molecules can promote other drugs properties play , play thickening , adsorption , or to form a network bridge such as the role is a set apprehend flocculation , dispersion, thickening , bonding, forming , gel , stable colloidal multifunctional additives.
Aluminum sulfate in wastewater treatment coagulant or flocculant is
To clear aluminum sulfate coagulant or flocculant is , first of all , we must first understand what is flocculation , what aluminum
stearate is concrete ? What is the principle of their application ? The application in wastewater treatment is kind of how ? And what difference ?
Coagulation is the sewage in the sewage , such as adding aluminum sulfate , ferrous sulfate, coagulation agents, suspended in water to electrostatic repulsion between the colloidal particles to eliminate , and then with sulfuric acid such as aluminum or PAM ability of plastic processing aid suspension a combination of cohesion and flocculation process . What is the cohesion, which is a coagulation agent using a large amount of positively charged ions to eliminate electrostatic repulsion between the colloidal particles , the suspension coalescence . What is the wastewater flocculation , which is also the sewage dosing coagulation agent for processing, but this is no ordinary coagulation agents, but the polymer coagulation agent , the solution for the linear structure of polymers, the use of binding frame role of the small suspension bridge formed floc settling .
Aluminum sulfate in wastewater tiny particles with condensed sedimentation and adsorption effect. That is , the Metal stearate sewage treatment aluminum sulfate coagulation agents. However , aluminum sulfate do not have the effect of bridging bond , in the absence of suspended colloidal particles can not be condensed under the premise and subsidence . Only present in the sewage on the basis of the colloidal particles floc process . Thus , aluminum sulfate is coagulant.
Coagulation is the sewage in the sewage , such as adding aluminum sulfate , ferrous sulfate, coagulation agents, suspended in water to electrostatic repulsion between the colloidal particles to eliminate , and then with sulfuric acid such as aluminum or PAM ability of plastic processing aid suspension a combination of cohesion and flocculation process . What is the cohesion, which is a coagulation agent using a large amount of positively charged ions to eliminate electrostatic repulsion between the colloidal particles , the suspension coalescence . What is the wastewater flocculation , which is also the sewage dosing coagulation agent for processing, but this is no ordinary coagulation agents, but the polymer coagulation agent , the solution for the linear structure of polymers, the use of binding frame role of the small suspension bridge formed floc settling .
Aluminum sulfate in wastewater tiny particles with condensed sedimentation and adsorption effect. That is , the Metal stearate sewage treatment aluminum sulfate coagulation agents. However , aluminum sulfate do not have the effect of bridging bond , in the absence of suspended colloidal particles can not be condensed under the premise and subsidence . Only present in the sewage on the basis of the colloidal particles floc process . Thus , aluminum sulfate is coagulant.
2013年9月17日星期二
Laundry FWA some of the uses
Laundry Tips Collection :
1, cleaning white , white socks stubborn stains on white clothing is difficult to eradicate , this time after taking a lemon slice boil water put the white clothes soaked in water for about 15 minutes after cleaning can be.
2 , wash clothes because of drying clothes sometimes smell shall not be treated , there will be unpleasant sour sweat , take Dioctyl phthalate white vinegar mixed with water , soak a taste of clothes for about five minutes , and then put in ventilated place to dry clothes on it !
3 , pen and India to deal with the clothes down on alcohol first fountain pen scratches on clothes , every scratch on both the uniform coverage on alcohol , alcohol concentration to use not less than 75 % of the medicine with alcohol . The clothes down on alcohol put this face , try not to touch the clothes of the other side , or the imprint color ballpoint pen or may be transfected into the rest of the clothes . Washbasin with ordinary , half ready to basin of water , the next will be two full bottle of bleach poured in the water , note that it must be a full two caps down. Take along to do mixing, then add a little detergent, the amount you can own hands . Slightly even after mixing, allow detergent to fully dissolve in water . Well, now clothes are soaked in water , time is twenty minutes. Time is up, wash clothes , a little mark is gone !
If the ball-point pen marks and traces of heavy, using the above method if the surviving ruins , and finally add soap and gently rub with toothpaste , then rinse . ( But non with open blisters ! )
Clothing stains ballpoint pen marks there is another solution : that is, do not rush to put the clothes into the water , but the first wash with gasoline touches the part of the wash .
4 , washing clothes soy sauce stains
One approach: need to use sugar . First, the local water soaked with dirt , and then sprinkle with a spoonful of sugar, rub their hands . We can see part of the track has touches of soy sauce, sugar , and then washed with water , can remove stains.
Option two : the need to use baking soda . The white vest soaked in soy sauce stained the place painted soda stains , wash with water after 10 minutes , you can get rid of soy sauce stains .
Option three : the need to use fresh lotus root, lotus root knife to cut fresh , fresh lotus root juice applied to the track at the soy sauce , 10 minutes after washing in water , you can get rid of soy sauce stains .
5 , washing clothes with paint
Clothes rubs paint how to do it ? Way is to wipe the titanium dioxide anatase sticky oil cooler parts of the paint , because the cool oil soluble substances contained in the paint , after rinse . If coated with water-soluble paint ( such as water-soluble paint, latex paint ) and home interior paint , a wash water that is lost in time ; paint if nylon fabric is stain , rub can be coated with lard , and then use detergent immersion , water drift net .
6 , clean grass stains
You need to prepare one hundred grams of salt , addition, you also need to prepare 1000 g of water . Pour water into a container, mix by hand , stained with grass stains the clothes into the pot , soak in salt water for 10 minutes. The clothes into the washing in water , and you will find that you can easily stubborn grass stains to wash it.
7 , cleaning stained clothes
Into the warm water in the washing machine , start the washing machine rinse , add 84 disinfectant , add about one-third Bangang water bottle disinfectant, dilute , add clothes , covered with cover, rinse about 25 minutes , after 25 minutes remove clothing, clothes to dry , you restore the original color.
If you want to avoid the clothes do not fade, bought back the new Yiyi , must put some salt in the water ( a bucket of water a teaspoon ) , washed to immediately rinse with water , do not soak too long, oh ! Finally, do not in the sun exposure , sun Oh will dye degeneration . Should be placed in chromium oxide a cool ventilated place to dry .
8 , cleaning blood
Just addicted , they should immediately wash with cold water or dilute brine ( disabled hot water, because blood contains proteins , when heated, will be solidified , not easy to melt ) , then soap or 10% potassium iodide solution to clean ; pounded with white radish juice grated carrot mixed with salt can remove blood stains on clothing ; with 10% tartaric acid solution to wiping stain Department, and then cold water wash ; using enzyme detergent to remove blood stains , very good results ;
If the stain longer time , 10% of ammonia or 3% hydrogen peroxide wipe dirt Department , after a while , and then wash in cold water strong .
1, cleaning white , white socks stubborn stains on white clothing is difficult to eradicate , this time after taking a lemon slice boil water put the white clothes soaked in water for about 15 minutes after cleaning can be.
2 , wash clothes because of drying clothes sometimes smell shall not be treated , there will be unpleasant sour sweat , take Dioctyl phthalate white vinegar mixed with water , soak a taste of clothes for about five minutes , and then put in ventilated place to dry clothes on it !
3 , pen and India to deal with the clothes down on alcohol first fountain pen scratches on clothes , every scratch on both the uniform coverage on alcohol , alcohol concentration to use not less than 75 % of the medicine with alcohol . The clothes down on alcohol put this face , try not to touch the clothes of the other side , or the imprint color ballpoint pen or may be transfected into the rest of the clothes . Washbasin with ordinary , half ready to basin of water , the next will be two full bottle of bleach poured in the water , note that it must be a full two caps down. Take along to do mixing, then add a little detergent, the amount you can own hands . Slightly even after mixing, allow detergent to fully dissolve in water . Well, now clothes are soaked in water , time is twenty minutes. Time is up, wash clothes , a little mark is gone !
If the ball-point pen marks and traces of heavy, using the above method if the surviving ruins , and finally add soap and gently rub with toothpaste , then rinse . ( But non with open blisters ! )
Clothing stains ballpoint pen marks there is another solution : that is, do not rush to put the clothes into the water , but the first wash with gasoline touches the part of the wash .
4 , washing clothes soy sauce stains
One approach: need to use sugar . First, the local water soaked with dirt , and then sprinkle with a spoonful of sugar, rub their hands . We can see part of the track has touches of soy sauce, sugar , and then washed with water , can remove stains.
Option two : the need to use baking soda . The white vest soaked in soy sauce stained the place painted soda stains , wash with water after 10 minutes , you can get rid of soy sauce stains .
Option three : the need to use fresh lotus root, lotus root knife to cut fresh , fresh lotus root juice applied to the track at the soy sauce , 10 minutes after washing in water , you can get rid of soy sauce stains .
5 , washing clothes with paint
Clothes rubs paint how to do it ? Way is to wipe the titanium dioxide anatase sticky oil cooler parts of the paint , because the cool oil soluble substances contained in the paint , after rinse . If coated with water-soluble paint ( such as water-soluble paint, latex paint ) and home interior paint , a wash water that is lost in time ; paint if nylon fabric is stain , rub can be coated with lard , and then use detergent immersion , water drift net .
6 , clean grass stains
You need to prepare one hundred grams of salt , addition, you also need to prepare 1000 g of water . Pour water into a container, mix by hand , stained with grass stains the clothes into the pot , soak in salt water for 10 minutes. The clothes into the washing in water , and you will find that you can easily stubborn grass stains to wash it.
7 , cleaning stained clothes
Into the warm water in the washing machine , start the washing machine rinse , add 84 disinfectant , add about one-third Bangang water bottle disinfectant, dilute , add clothes , covered with cover, rinse about 25 minutes , after 25 minutes remove clothing, clothes to dry , you restore the original color.
If you want to avoid the clothes do not fade, bought back the new Yiyi , must put some salt in the water ( a bucket of water a teaspoon ) , washed to immediately rinse with water , do not soak too long, oh ! Finally, do not in the sun exposure , sun Oh will dye degeneration . Should be placed in chromium oxide a cool ventilated place to dry .
8 , cleaning blood
Just addicted , they should immediately wash with cold water or dilute brine ( disabled hot water, because blood contains proteins , when heated, will be solidified , not easy to melt ) , then soap or 10% potassium iodide solution to clean ; pounded with white radish juice grated carrot mixed with salt can remove blood stains on clothing ; with 10% tartaric acid solution to wiping stain Department, and then cold water wash ; using enzyme detergent to remove blood stains , very good results ;
If the stain longer time , 10% of ammonia or 3% hydrogen peroxide wipe dirt Department , after a while , and then wash in cold water strong .
fluorescent agent Mask
There are said to be sisters children recently spent a mask effect is super good , the skin becomes special white . Deposited on a one day together , come up with the mask is also very common packaging, the PVC flame retardant inside one , or non-woven fabric , is said to try it . Day by day, the rinsing mask, I felt really white , and no one around to do the mask on the skin than obvious. Effect is really good , it really makes me this mask admiration. Friends also very pleasantly surprised to say it is only a few dollars , so inexpensive things , I feel really find the gems . Finished I'll pick up a bit and sisters out to dinner , because it is noon , outside the sun king , to the outside I found my sister 's face is so strange , ah, glowing , particularly bright ! To be honest white, but a little frightening wood there ! !
I would say , and she looked at my face , my face felt very strange ! ! !
After dinner , we hurried home. I was skeptical mask added fluorescent agent , and before my sister with a mask all night, she just felt it plainly, no attention else. Then checked the Internet
The following are network information
Adding the fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics should generally distyrylbiphenyl class of synthetic chemicals , but the resulting fluorescent substances may be natural extracts , it may be some compound component .
Although more than half of the plant extract containing a fluorescent component , but there is little to add cosmetics pure plant fluorescent substances. Fluorescent brighteners as a dye , is a chemical composition , are often added to cosmetics , can absorb invisible ultraviolet light , and then converted to a light blue fluorescence released , and can block light blue Face showing a gray-blue , it is very smooth face . Taipei ultimate dermatology president of Taiwan Society of Aesthetic Medicine Education Committee chairman Fon-Yi Sung said : "We are yellow , blue fluorescence in the hair of ' neutralizing ' down , you can make the brightness of the face itself is greatly improved, people have a washing face on white, bright face on Cawan Wei Shi functions . " What is the harm fluorescent agent ?
Whether natural or synthetic fluorescent agents will produce certain harm to the human body , especially the synthetic fluorescent brighteners, there are certain risks , is easy to migrate to the stratum corneum , the blood , causing mutations that may cause cancer , there are also may lead to human rejection , people allergies.
Detergents on the fluorescence agent already has added ceiling , skincare , there are no requirements. After all, did not care fluorescent agent functions after entering the skin is difficult to be metabolized , so no low molecular polyethylene fluorescent agent should try to choose products more at ease.
How to detect whether a mask containing the fluorescent agent ?
Can verify the authenticity of banknotes ultraviolet light , you can also use a professional Wood's light , illumination in the dark mask, to see whether the dissemination of light blue fluorescence , basically you can determine most of the mask , of course , not all contain fluorescent the can see.
So the sisters must be careful ah , whitening products effective too fast, probably have a bad component , can cause bodily injury ! ! !
Also , another thing that makes me very chilling , even if this mask with a fluorescent agent blatant kind of thing , but it can still be seen on the packaging QS quality and safety logo, the logo should be inspected on behalf of this thing right ? But such products to the market actually has , let me chilling ah ... our quality on the market of food, supplies and even cosmetic issues , reported on TV as long as a consumer to polish his eyes always say , know how to identification, if we consumers know everything, what will be identified , it is up to the quality inspection departments is what to do with it ?
If there is no good mechanism to test , then we will have to identify themselves , to everyone's beauty and health,
I am now to popularize some of this knowledge .
Commonly used fluorescent agents pvc additive are zinc silicate , zinc sulfide cadmium, fluorescent yellow , Morin and so on. According to the chemical structure can be divided into five categories : ① stilbene , and certain synthetic fibers for cotton fiber , paper , soap and other industries , with a blue fluorescence ; ② coumarin type, with cumarone basic structure , for celluloid , polyvinyl chloride , etc., with a strong blue fluorescence ; ③ pyrazolone type , for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers , a green fluorescent color ; ④ benzo oxygen and nitrogen , was used in acrylic and other fibers and polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene and other plastics , with a red fluorescence ; ⑤ phthalimide type, used for polyester, acrylic, nylon and other fibers , with a blue fluorescence.
Its main components : stilbene derivatives , such as some lipstick, in which the detergent contains a fluorescent agent. When you use the mask must pay attention to , it's best to experiment in the hand , do not directly in the face.
There is no need to rush , whitening is the result of long-term adherence , and can not bear fruit in a few days . General leather skin metabolism cycle is 28 days , to go through the complete cycle , skin whitening ingredients to complete metabolism, inhibit melanin formation , makes a good whitening effect . Use the mask for three consecutive days , there will be some effect . The best selection of botanical skin care products.
I would say , and she looked at my face , my face felt very strange ! ! !
After dinner , we hurried home. I was skeptical mask added fluorescent agent , and before my sister with a mask all night, she just felt it plainly, no attention else. Then checked the Internet
The following are network information
Adding the fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics should generally distyrylbiphenyl class of synthetic chemicals , but the resulting fluorescent substances may be natural extracts , it may be some compound component .
Although more than half of the plant extract containing a fluorescent component , but there is little to add cosmetics pure plant fluorescent substances. Fluorescent brighteners as a dye , is a chemical composition , are often added to cosmetics , can absorb invisible ultraviolet light , and then converted to a light blue fluorescence released , and can block light blue Face showing a gray-blue , it is very smooth face . Taipei ultimate dermatology president of Taiwan Society of Aesthetic Medicine Education Committee chairman Fon-Yi Sung said : "We are yellow , blue fluorescence in the hair of ' neutralizing ' down , you can make the brightness of the face itself is greatly improved, people have a washing face on white, bright face on Cawan Wei Shi functions . " What is the harm fluorescent agent ?
Whether natural or synthetic fluorescent agents will produce certain harm to the human body , especially the synthetic fluorescent brighteners, there are certain risks , is easy to migrate to the stratum corneum , the blood , causing mutations that may cause cancer , there are also may lead to human rejection , people allergies.
Detergents on the fluorescence agent already has added ceiling , skincare , there are no requirements. After all, did not care fluorescent agent functions after entering the skin is difficult to be metabolized , so no low molecular polyethylene fluorescent agent should try to choose products more at ease.
How to detect whether a mask containing the fluorescent agent ?
Can verify the authenticity of banknotes ultraviolet light , you can also use a professional Wood's light , illumination in the dark mask, to see whether the dissemination of light blue fluorescence , basically you can determine most of the mask , of course , not all contain fluorescent the can see.
So the sisters must be careful ah , whitening products effective too fast, probably have a bad component , can cause bodily injury ! ! !
Also , another thing that makes me very chilling , even if this mask with a fluorescent agent blatant kind of thing , but it can still be seen on the packaging QS quality and safety logo, the logo should be inspected on behalf of this thing right ? But such products to the market actually has , let me chilling ah ... our quality on the market of food, supplies and even cosmetic issues , reported on TV as long as a consumer to polish his eyes always say , know how to identification, if we consumers know everything, what will be identified , it is up to the quality inspection departments is what to do with it ?
If there is no good mechanism to test , then we will have to identify themselves , to everyone's beauty and health,
I am now to popularize some of this knowledge .
Commonly used fluorescent agents pvc additive are zinc silicate , zinc sulfide cadmium, fluorescent yellow , Morin and so on. According to the chemical structure can be divided into five categories : ① stilbene , and certain synthetic fibers for cotton fiber , paper , soap and other industries , with a blue fluorescence ; ② coumarin type, with cumarone basic structure , for celluloid , polyvinyl chloride , etc., with a strong blue fluorescence ; ③ pyrazolone type , for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers , a green fluorescent color ; ④ benzo oxygen and nitrogen , was used in acrylic and other fibers and polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene and other plastics , with a red fluorescence ; ⑤ phthalimide type, used for polyester, acrylic, nylon and other fibers , with a blue fluorescence.
Its main components : stilbene derivatives , such as some lipstick, in which the detergent contains a fluorescent agent. When you use the mask must pay attention to , it's best to experiment in the hand , do not directly in the face.
There is no need to rush , whitening is the result of long-term adherence , and can not bear fruit in a few days . General leather skin metabolism cycle is 28 days , to go through the complete cycle , skin whitening ingredients to complete metabolism, inhibit melanin formation , makes a good whitening effect . Use the mask for three consecutive days , there will be some effect . The best selection of botanical skin care products.
2013年9月16日星期一
Calcium stearate uses some of the main
Heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and aluminium hydroxide the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile black iron oxide waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry . Polyolefin polyolefin acid neutralizer color stability and corrosion have a direct contribution ;
Lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , profiling , etc. ) , and press molding processability.
Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam . Storage
The product packaging woven bag lined Plastic chemical with plastic bag, 20KG or 10KG, stored in a cool , dry place , away from sources of fire , moisture , heat, not with acid, alkali and corrosive substances mixed Commonwealth Games .
Lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , profiling , etc. ) , and press molding processability.
Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as unsaturated polyester polyurethane foam . Storage
The product packaging woven bag lined Plastic chemical with plastic bag, 20KG or 10KG, stored in a cool , dry place , away from sources of fire , moisture , heat, not with acid, alkali and corrosive substances mixed Commonwealth Games .
Calcium stearate nature
Calcium stearate uniform fine white powder. Melting point 175 ℃, density 1.035g/cm3. Dissolved in toluene , ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents , insoluble in water . Slowly fluorescent brightener heated to 400 ℃, decomposition, combustible , the case of decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salts . Water absorption, non-toxic.
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to PVC window stabilizer remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry .
Action
Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and blowing agent corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as polyurethane foam
Unsaturated polyester
Use heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to PVC window stabilizer remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , make the whole into a natural rubber and rubber softening , and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a molding of polyolefin fibers and lubricants , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers. Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry .
Action
Polyolefins polyolefin acid neutralizer and blowing agent corrosion stability of the color is directly offered ; lubricating / processing aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides , styrene and rubber in the extrusion molding ( film, fiber , copying , etc. ) , and press molding processability. Release properties of the thermoplastic plastics , rubber, and thermoset articles, such as polyurethane foam
Unsaturated polyester
2013年9月15日星期日
plasticizer simple description
Plasticizers ( English : Plasticizer), also known as a plasticizer, a plasticizer , an increase in softness of the material or liquefied additive material . Add object contains plastic , concrete , drywall materials, cement and gypsum and so on. The same kind of plasticizing agent often fluorescent brightener used in different objects , but its effect is often not the same. Plasticizer range up to hundreds of kinds , but the most commonly used means one group of compounds known as phthalates . According to statistics, in 2004 the world's plasticizing agent market, totaled about 550 million tons and 6,000,000 tons moving toward . Add a plasticizer based plastics used functions in different environments, manufactured with a variety of toughness and softness , gloss finished , which required more soft plastic products the more plasticizer added . General often use plastic wrap , one is without additives PE (polyethylene ) material , but its viscosity is poor ; Another widely used is PVC (polyvinyl chloride ) plastic wrap, a large number of plasticizers to make PVC material becomes soft and increases viscosity, very suitable for fresh food packaging.
Use concrete plasticizer ( superplasticizer ) , can increase the workability of the mixture is not easy to produce cellular facilitate construction , thereby reducing the water content ratio , increase the intensity . The wall material can be increased by adding a mixture of plasticizers liquefaction degree , so they do not add too much water , can reduce the time required for drying the wall .
Basic categories
Internal plasticizer
Internal plasticizer is actually part of the PVC profile stabilizer polymer . Plasticizers are generally within the polymer during the polymerization of the second monomer introduced . Since the second monomer in the polymer molecular structure , reducing the polymer molecule chains are isotactic , which reduces the crystallinity of the polymer chain . Such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer softer than vinyl chloride homopolymer . The use of plasticizers within the temperature range is relatively narrow , and must be added during the polymerization , so use less internal plasticizer .
External plasticizer
External plasticizer is a low molecular weight compounds or polymers , it is required to add the polymer plasticized , increase the plasticity of polymers . External plasticizer is generally a high boiling point of less volatile liquid or low melting point solids , and the stearate magnesium vast majority of organic compounds are esters . Usually they do not react with the polymer , and the interaction of the polymer mainly in the swelling action of elevated temperatures , with the polymer to form a solid solution . External plasticizers production and a more comprehensive and easy to use, very wide application . Now people are referring to the general said plasticizer external plasticizer. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are outside the plasticizer
Use concrete plasticizer ( superplasticizer ) , can increase the workability of the mixture is not easy to produce cellular facilitate construction , thereby reducing the water content ratio , increase the intensity . The wall material can be increased by adding a mixture of plasticizers liquefaction degree , so they do not add too much water , can reduce the time required for drying the wall .
Basic categories
Internal plasticizer
Internal plasticizer is actually part of the PVC profile stabilizer polymer . Plasticizers are generally within the polymer during the polymerization of the second monomer introduced . Since the second monomer in the polymer molecular structure , reducing the polymer molecule chains are isotactic , which reduces the crystallinity of the polymer chain . Such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer softer than vinyl chloride homopolymer . The use of plasticizers within the temperature range is relatively narrow , and must be added during the polymerization , so use less internal plasticizer .
External plasticizer
External plasticizer is a low molecular weight compounds or polymers , it is required to add the polymer plasticized , increase the plasticity of polymers . External plasticizer is generally a high boiling point of less volatile liquid or low melting point solids , and the stearate magnesium vast majority of organic compounds are esters . Usually they do not react with the polymer , and the interaction of the polymer mainly in the swelling action of elevated temperatures , with the polymer to form a solid solution . External plasticizers production and a more comprehensive and easy to use, very wide application . Now people are referring to the general said plasticizer external plasticizer. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are outside the plasticizer
how to distinguish good plasticizer
Resin has good compatibility , compatibility is insufficient, the pneumatic tube plasticizer separated from the resin , the performance of exudation, sweating phenomenon. Pneumatic tubes zinc stearate incompatible with the resin plasticizer , plasticizing efficiency of the question.
Plasticizer variety, then have what conditions it can be called a good plasticizer , today teach you the recipe :
1 . High plasticizing efficiency , with less to obtain a higher amount of added plasticizing effect .
2 . Good compatibility with resin , compatibility is insufficient, the pneumatic tube plasticizer separated from the chromium oxide resin , the performance of exudation, sweating phenomenon. Pneumatic tubes incompatible with the resin plasticizer , plasticizing efficiency of the question.
3 . Low volatility, reduce and pneumatic tube forming volatile loss during storage for pneumatic tube performance. Car decoration , wire and cable and other areas have higher requirements for volatile . 4 . Durability , water , oil, organic solvent extraction .
5 . Do not migrate , pneumatic tube plasticizers are not supposed to come into contact with other solid medium diffusion .
6 . Cold, and requires the processing temperature is still good softness . This agricultural films and outdoor use aluminium stearate pneumatic tubes is very important.
7 . Good heat resistance , requiring the use of higher processing temperatures and temperature stable .
8 . Non-toxic, tasteless , odorless and colorless.
9 . Good resistance to fungal
10 . Flame retardant
11 . Good electrical insulation
12 stain resistance, chemical etching
13 . When the plastisol is used , requires that the preparation of the plastisol viscosity stability is good.
Plasticizer variety, then have what conditions it can be called a good plasticizer , today teach you the recipe :
1 . High plasticizing efficiency , with less to obtain a higher amount of added plasticizing effect .
2 . Good compatibility with resin , compatibility is insufficient, the pneumatic tube plasticizer separated from the chromium oxide resin , the performance of exudation, sweating phenomenon. Pneumatic tubes incompatible with the resin plasticizer , plasticizing efficiency of the question.
3 . Low volatility, reduce and pneumatic tube forming volatile loss during storage for pneumatic tube performance. Car decoration , wire and cable and other areas have higher requirements for volatile . 4 . Durability , water , oil, organic solvent extraction .
5 . Do not migrate , pneumatic tube plasticizers are not supposed to come into contact with other solid medium diffusion .
6 . Cold, and requires the processing temperature is still good softness . This agricultural films and outdoor use aluminium stearate pneumatic tubes is very important.
7 . Good heat resistance , requiring the use of higher processing temperatures and temperature stable .
8 . Non-toxic, tasteless , odorless and colorless.
9 . Good resistance to fungal
10 . Flame retardant
11 . Good electrical insulation
12 stain resistance, chemical etching
13 . When the plastisol is used , requires that the preparation of the plastisol viscosity stability is good.
2013年9月13日星期五
PVC heat stabilizers for PVC transparent three major factors affecting
PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose acrylic processing a lot of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study . 1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule tio2 rutile ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent . 3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that iron oxide black is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule tio2 rutile ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent . 3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that iron oxide black is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC
Why do we need PVC heat stabilizers Processing
PVC heat stabilizers Processing Why do we need ?
PVC is the first ideal structure - tail structure -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-, is quite stable . But so far the PVC synthesis method can not be like synthetic butadiene rubber , as the role of catalyst in stearate aluminum Jigger so there are rules for orientation cis butadiene polymerization .
Radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is a random polymerization , in addition to its first stable - tail structure , there are first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure -CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl - ; generating a coupling disproportionation vinyl Results CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2- structure and allyl chloride -CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and so on .
Generated in the PVC synthetic allyl chloride, chlorine and tertiary carbon double bond in its molecular chain structure magnesium stearate instability , unstable order : PVC within the molecular chain allyl chloride > tertiary carbon Chlorine > allyl end groups chloride > Chung chlorine. PVC is susceptible to degradation during processing because of the structure of PVC molecular chain instability exists , if not modified for stabilization , the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃ , but that the PVC resin processed into useful articles , molding temperature to at above 190 ℃ . Therefore , you must add heat stabilizers stabilize its structure improvements.
Pvc in the synthesis process so you need to add PVC heat stabilizers.
PVC is the first ideal structure - tail structure -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-, is quite stable . But so far the PVC synthesis method can not be like synthetic butadiene rubber , as the role of catalyst in stearate aluminum Jigger so there are rules for orientation cis butadiene polymerization .
Radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is a random polymerization , in addition to its first stable - tail structure , there are first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure -CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl - ; generating a coupling disproportionation vinyl Results CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2- structure and allyl chloride -CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and so on .
Generated in the PVC synthetic allyl chloride, chlorine and tertiary carbon double bond in its molecular chain structure magnesium stearate instability , unstable order : PVC within the molecular chain allyl chloride > tertiary carbon Chlorine > allyl end groups chloride > Chung chlorine. PVC is susceptible to degradation during processing because of the structure of PVC molecular chain instability exists , if not modified for stabilization , the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃ , but that the PVC resin processed into useful articles , molding temperature to at above 190 ℃ . Therefore , you must add heat stabilizers stabilize its structure improvements.
Pvc in the synthesis process so you need to add PVC heat stabilizers.
2013年9月12日星期四
The amount of lubricant some introductory
Lubricant actual processing plastics with a variety of effects, such as the kneading , rolling processing , to prevent adhesion polymer cartridge , inhibition of friction and heat, reduce kneading torque and loads, thus preventing polymer material thermal degradation . In the extrusion molding, to improve mobility , the barrel and the polymeric material to improve adhesion of the mold , to prevent and reduce the impact modifier retentate . Another film can improve the appearance and luster. From processing machinery perspective, mixing, rolling , slush molding , etc. , the external lubricant has an important role in extrusion, injection molding, lubricants is more effective.
The amount of lubricant is generally 0.5 % to 1% , selection should pay attention to the following aspects : ( 1 ) the flow properties of the polymer molding technology needs have been met , the primary role of lubrication considerations to ensure that internal and external balance ;
( 2 ) external lubrication is valid , it can be in the molding temperature, the surface layer of the plastic film to form a complete liquid prevail , so the melting point of the lubricant outside the molding temperature should be close, but to a difference of 10 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ order to form a complete film ;
( 3 ) When the lubricant is selected in production , so as to be meet the following requirements:
( 4 ) compatibility with the resin medium size, internal and external lubricating balance ; non-blooming , easy to scale ;
( 5 ) Small surface gravity , viscosity, at the interface scalability, and easy to form the interface layer ;
( 6 ) as far as possible without compromising the excellent performance of the polymer does not affect the performance of the secondary processing of plastics ;
( 6 ) itself is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability , in the processing does not decompose volatile ;
( 7 ) non-corrosive , does not pollute the film , there is no toxicity.
However, the simple use of a lubricant is often difficult to achieve the purpose , to be used in combination of several lubricants , lubricating composite developed rapidly in recent years , the inganic pigments choice can be viewed from multiple perspectives lubricant.
Commonly used lubricants are stearic acid , butyl stearate , oleamide , ethylene bis stearic acid amide and so on .
Many substances can be used as a lubricant waxes such as natural paraffin, liquid paraffin ( mineral oil ) , microcrystalline wax , etc., but the effect is mixed. Natural wax mostly used external lubrication , the lubricant can be used as a variety of plastic , mold release agents, the general amount 0.2 ~ 1phr, but the compatibility , thermal stability and dispersibility is not good , the amount can not be too large , preferably lubricants and used ; while white oil mostly used PVC, PS internal lubricants, lubricating properties, good thermal stability , the general amount 0.5phr. they are drug-free , can be used for food packaging. Another Microcrystalline wax : in Plastics Processing is also used as a lubricant , the amount of 1 ~ 2Phr, thermal stability and lubricity better than normal paraffin .
Low molecular weight polymers are widely used heat stabilizer for foaming board as a lubricant such as polyethylene wax, low molecular weight polypropylene , its internal and external lubrication are better, and non-toxic . PVC and polyethylene wax materials suitable for extrusion, calendering , the dosage is usually 0.1 ~ 1phr, to improve processing efficiency, prevent the film adhesion, improved dispersion of the filler or pigment , compatibility and transparency is not very good ; irregular low molecular weight polypropylene can be used as the structure rigid PVC, PE lubricant performance, can improve the dispersibility of other additives .
The amount of lubricant is generally 0.5 % to 1% , selection should pay attention to the following aspects : ( 1 ) the flow properties of the polymer molding technology needs have been met , the primary role of lubrication considerations to ensure that internal and external balance ;
( 2 ) external lubrication is valid , it can be in the molding temperature, the surface layer of the plastic film to form a complete liquid prevail , so the melting point of the lubricant outside the molding temperature should be close, but to a difference of 10 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ order to form a complete film ;
( 3 ) When the lubricant is selected in production , so as to be meet the following requirements:
( 4 ) compatibility with the resin medium size, internal and external lubricating balance ; non-blooming , easy to scale ;
( 5 ) Small surface gravity , viscosity, at the interface scalability, and easy to form the interface layer ;
( 6 ) as far as possible without compromising the excellent performance of the polymer does not affect the performance of the secondary processing of plastics ;
( 6 ) itself is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability , in the processing does not decompose volatile ;
( 7 ) non-corrosive , does not pollute the film , there is no toxicity.
However, the simple use of a lubricant is often difficult to achieve the purpose , to be used in combination of several lubricants , lubricating composite developed rapidly in recent years , the inganic pigments choice can be viewed from multiple perspectives lubricant.
Commonly used lubricants are stearic acid , butyl stearate , oleamide , ethylene bis stearic acid amide and so on .
Many substances can be used as a lubricant waxes such as natural paraffin, liquid paraffin ( mineral oil ) , microcrystalline wax , etc., but the effect is mixed. Natural wax mostly used external lubrication , the lubricant can be used as a variety of plastic , mold release agents, the general amount 0.2 ~ 1phr, but the compatibility , thermal stability and dispersibility is not good , the amount can not be too large , preferably lubricants and used ; while white oil mostly used PVC, PS internal lubricants, lubricating properties, good thermal stability , the general amount 0.5phr. they are drug-free , can be used for food packaging. Another Microcrystalline wax : in Plastics Processing is also used as a lubricant , the amount of 1 ~ 2Phr, thermal stability and lubricity better than normal paraffin .
Low molecular weight polymers are widely used heat stabilizer for foaming board as a lubricant such as polyethylene wax, low molecular weight polypropylene , its internal and external lubrication are better, and non-toxic . PVC and polyethylene wax materials suitable for extrusion, calendering , the dosage is usually 0.1 ~ 1phr, to improve processing efficiency, prevent the film adhesion, improved dispersion of the filler or pigment , compatibility and transparency is not very good ; irregular low molecular weight polypropylene can be used as the structure rigid PVC, PE lubricant performance, can improve the dispersibility of other additives .
introduce the characteristics of PVC impact modifier
Second, the main performance:
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion magnesium hydroxide flame retardant performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the theoretical basis and the impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its titanium dioxide glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low PVC profile stabilizer temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion magnesium hydroxide flame retardant performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the theoretical basis and the impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its titanium dioxide glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low PVC profile stabilizer temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
2013年9月11日星期三
metal soaps some of the major role
Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the acrylic processing corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and titanium dioxide anatase alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Where the use of metal soap formed by metal salts and organic fertilizer can construct Wong . But as a general alkali metal soaps are dissolved in water , washed our common soap is such a case . And the other is an alkaline earth metal and heavy metal soaps generated , are not soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvent , referred to herein metallic soap , soap entails in terms of the latter category . Metallic soaps very wide range of applications , this is really special because it has a relatively structural reason. Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and iron oxide metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the acrylic processing corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and titanium dioxide anatase alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Where the use of metal soap formed by metal salts and organic fertilizer can construct Wong . But as a general alkali metal soaps are dissolved in water , washed our common soap is such a case . And the other is an alkaline earth metal and heavy metal soaps generated , are not soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvent , referred to herein metallic soap , soap entails in terms of the latter category . Metallic soaps very wide range of applications , this is really special because it has a relatively structural reason. Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and iron oxide metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
waterproofing agent, metal soap simple introduction
Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps (the soluble soap ) waterproofing agent , and asphaltenes II metal soap waterproofing agent . Water soluble metal soaps agent is stearic acid , ammonia , potassium hydroxide ( or soda) and water heating by mixing fluorescent brightener a saponified preparation waterproofing agent . This product is a paste -like, mixed with the cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter , from the tiny pores and clogging the PVC foaming board stabilizer capillary filling passage effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, lime and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying . Mixed with the cement mortar and concrete ... a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter . If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution by capillary action will be adsorbed to the surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete ; same time , the solution of harmful substances such as chlorine ion , sulfate ion and the like can also be easily transported water into the concrete , reinforced concrete structure to bring serious corrosion damage [ 1 ] . At present , domestic and foreign has been widely white foaming agent adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment [ 2 ] , but using this traditional approach , the penetration depth of the water repellent is very limited , and in some special cases waterproof effect is not very satisfactory . If you can water repellent mortar or concrete as a component incorporated therein , its protection would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types , two kinds of different dosage of metal soap , add it to the concrete mixture to compare , test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity and resistance to chloride ion intrusion ability.
2013年9月10日星期二
application performance organic pigments
Organic Pigments Industrial Technology Development and other industrial technology, its applications continues to expand, higher demands , prompting the related technology to the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant deeper direction. Organic pigments its requirements can be summarized as follows: ① gentrification products that meet the metal coating durability, weather fastness , heat resistance, solvent resistance, and resistance to migration performance and other requirements ; ② organic pigments dosage of , the development of specific applications performance -specific products, such as water , oil , easy dispersibility , high transparency , heat resistance, excellent migration resistance new special formulations , having a high purity crystalline form of certain special features of the organic pigment.
Applications department requirements to promote the rapid development of organic pigment industry technology , from classical organic synthesis reaction unit ( such as halogenation, nitration , reduction, condensation, diazotization, coupling reaction ) , filtration, separation, drying, grinding process gradually penetrate multidisciplinary areas iron oxide black such as solid state physics chemistry, morphology, powder surface chemistry, interfacial chemistry , solid solution and crystal chemistry , polymer chemistry and powder dispersion technology. Which highlights the research focus for the development of new varieties of structural pigments , colored crystal particle surface modification treatment technology, efficient pigment dispersion technology , organic pigments and commercial processing technology and application performance testing and evaluation. ( A ) the chemical structure of the pigment new breed was developed to improve the durability of paint , heat stability, resistance to weather fastness , solvent stability and resistance to migration performance ; bright shade , high tinting strength yellow, orange , red, purple and brown varieties to meet with performance dacron blue, green, copper phthalocyanine pigment to match the requirements. The principal means of synthesis of new heterocyclic structure of the pigment , a good Acrylic processing aid molecular planarity . Symmetry , with a specific substituent , change the molecular polarity , can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds , to improve heat stability and resistance to migration . Based paint durability ( light resistance, weather fastness , heat stability , solvent resistance and migration resistance , etc. ) of the level classification , grade ( high ) , or organic pigments HOP HGP (HighPerformanceOrganicPigments; HighGradePignents), has not only excellent application fastness properties , and value-added products , is high. Undoubtedly increasing organic pigment product formulations to meet specific application areas , high-performance requirements, will be an important trend in the future .
Applications department requirements to promote the rapid development of organic pigment industry technology , from classical organic synthesis reaction unit ( such as halogenation, nitration , reduction, condensation, diazotization, coupling reaction ) , filtration, separation, drying, grinding process gradually penetrate multidisciplinary areas iron oxide black such as solid state physics chemistry, morphology, powder surface chemistry, interfacial chemistry , solid solution and crystal chemistry , polymer chemistry and powder dispersion technology. Which highlights the research focus for the development of new varieties of structural pigments , colored crystal particle surface modification treatment technology, efficient pigment dispersion technology , organic pigments and commercial processing technology and application performance testing and evaluation. ( A ) the chemical structure of the pigment new breed was developed to improve the durability of paint , heat stability, resistance to weather fastness , solvent stability and resistance to migration performance ; bright shade , high tinting strength yellow, orange , red, purple and brown varieties to meet with performance dacron blue, green, copper phthalocyanine pigment to match the requirements. The principal means of synthesis of new heterocyclic structure of the pigment , a good Acrylic processing aid molecular planarity . Symmetry , with a specific substituent , change the molecular polarity , can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds , to improve heat stability and resistance to migration . Based paint durability ( light resistance, weather fastness , heat stability , solvent resistance and migration resistance , etc. ) of the level classification , grade ( high ) , or organic pigments HOP HGP (HighPerformanceOrganicPigments; HighGradePignents), has not only excellent application fastness properties , and value-added products , is high. Undoubtedly increasing organic pigment product formulations to meet specific application areas , high-performance requirements, will be an important trend in the future .
anti-rust paint with non-toxic paint some progress
Metals and their alloys applications throughout all areas of the national economy . According to statistics, the global annual metal loss due to corrosion caused by the annual metal production capacity of up to 20% to 40 %, about earthquakes, floods, typhoons and other natural disasters, the sum of six times , resulting in huge economic losses. Meanwhile metal aluminum stearate corrosion damage of equipment and facilities will also affect the stability of production and disrupt people's lives in order and even lead to accidents resulting in personal injury. Therefore, the metal corrosion is very important [ 1-3 ] . Organic coatings against corrosion has become by far the most effective, most economical and most common method [ 4 ] , with excellent performance, ease of manufacture , low price and a number of other methods can not match advantage. And more attention to environmental protection today, the development of new anti-rust paint environmental pollution became one of the trends [ 5,6 ] .
Anti-rust paint anti-rust paint varieties and dosage , as well as with anti-rust paint binder resin interactions occurring protective properties of the coating greatly affected [ 7 ] . The traditional use of the anti-rust paint coatings containing more chromium, lead , cadmium and other pigments such as red lead, lead oxide , and zinc , barium, lead chromate , with its mixture of the coating while having good anti -corrosion , but in itself toxic , and in the production and use of the process will pollute the environment and health hazards , many countries have strict restrictions on the use [ 8 ] . Therefore, the development of non-toxic anti-rust paint and coatings efficiently has become imperative. Researchers at home and abroad have developed a phosphates , molybdates , borates and flake pigments and other non-toxic and efficient anti-rust paint [ 9-12 ] . This article describes a variety of non-toxic anti- rust paint corrosion mechanism and application progress , according to their mechanism of action divided into: ① physical rust paint ; ② chemical rust paint ; ③ both physical and chemical mechanisms of the PVC stabilizer for cable integrated anti- rust rust-preventive pigment . A physical anti-rust paint
Physical rust pigment itself more stable chemical properties , its anti-rust pigment itself instead of relying on the mechanism of chemical activity , but they have to rely on physical properties. Conventional non-toxic physical rust red iron oxide pigments , mica iron oxide, mica , glass flake , stainless steel scales, such as aluminum and aluminum paste . 1.1 Iron oxide red
Short red iron oxide red , formula Fe2O3, its crystalline phase with α-Fe2O3 ( used as pigments ) and γ-Fe2O3 ( used as a magnetic material ) , and its crystal structure due to different methods of synthesis , there are cubic , spherical , needle like type , hexagonal , diamond -and hexagonal platelets . Red iron oxide is not soluble in water , alkali and acid , only in the case of heating to dissolve in concentrated acid , insoluble in an organic solvent and an organic base material , high heat resistance , α-Fe2O3 general heat resistance up to 1200 ℃. Iron oxide red pigments are inert , iron oxide pigments in the most stable , with good weather resistance , light, water, and the role of the atmosphere is stable , and can strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation, leaving the protected goods from red iron UV damage . For rust in the system is based on its dense coating of the items covered by the physical shielding effect for 13,14 ] , while iron red rust on the substrate have the ability , the ability of polluted gases, alkali, tinting strength good hiding power . Due to low prices , is used widely in rust , but the rust resistance 1.2 micaceous iron oxide
Micaceous iron oxide , the heat stabilizer for foaming board main chemical ingredient of α-Fe2O3, is hexagonal single crystal flake , mica flake as having similar structures , so called micaceous iron oxide . Its chemical stability, non-toxic and tasteless , high temperature , UV, also has anti- chalking , rust resistance , alkali resistance , salt spray resistance , weather resistance and excellent performance [ 15 ] .
MIO MIO divided into natural and synthetic micaceous iron oxide two kinds . Natural micaceous iron oxide is made from natural minerals ( eg iron ore ) crushing, sorting , crushing derived , heat resistance up to 800 ℃ or more, contain more impurities, particle size distribution is uneven. Most of the world use natural micaceous iron oxide . The synthetic micaceous iron oxide due to high purity, particle size distribution, with a sense of three-dimensional sense of strong light , heat resistance is even higher than the natural micaceous iron oxide .
Anti-rust paint anti-rust paint varieties and dosage , as well as with anti-rust paint binder resin interactions occurring protective properties of the coating greatly affected [ 7 ] . The traditional use of the anti-rust paint coatings containing more chromium, lead , cadmium and other pigments such as red lead, lead oxide , and zinc , barium, lead chromate , with its mixture of the coating while having good anti -corrosion , but in itself toxic , and in the production and use of the process will pollute the environment and health hazards , many countries have strict restrictions on the use [ 8 ] . Therefore, the development of non-toxic anti-rust paint and coatings efficiently has become imperative. Researchers at home and abroad have developed a phosphates , molybdates , borates and flake pigments and other non-toxic and efficient anti-rust paint [ 9-12 ] . This article describes a variety of non-toxic anti- rust paint corrosion mechanism and application progress , according to their mechanism of action divided into: ① physical rust paint ; ② chemical rust paint ; ③ both physical and chemical mechanisms of the PVC stabilizer for cable integrated anti- rust rust-preventive pigment . A physical anti-rust paint
Physical rust pigment itself more stable chemical properties , its anti-rust pigment itself instead of relying on the mechanism of chemical activity , but they have to rely on physical properties. Conventional non-toxic physical rust red iron oxide pigments , mica iron oxide, mica , glass flake , stainless steel scales, such as aluminum and aluminum paste . 1.1 Iron oxide red
Short red iron oxide red , formula Fe2O3, its crystalline phase with α-Fe2O3 ( used as pigments ) and γ-Fe2O3 ( used as a magnetic material ) , and its crystal structure due to different methods of synthesis , there are cubic , spherical , needle like type , hexagonal , diamond -and hexagonal platelets . Red iron oxide is not soluble in water , alkali and acid , only in the case of heating to dissolve in concentrated acid , insoluble in an organic solvent and an organic base material , high heat resistance , α-Fe2O3 general heat resistance up to 1200 ℃. Iron oxide red pigments are inert , iron oxide pigments in the most stable , with good weather resistance , light, water, and the role of the atmosphere is stable , and can strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation, leaving the protected goods from red iron UV damage . For rust in the system is based on its dense coating of the items covered by the physical shielding effect for 13,14 ] , while iron red rust on the substrate have the ability , the ability of polluted gases, alkali, tinting strength good hiding power . Due to low prices , is used widely in rust , but the rust resistance 1.2 micaceous iron oxide
Micaceous iron oxide , the heat stabilizer for foaming board main chemical ingredient of α-Fe2O3, is hexagonal single crystal flake , mica flake as having similar structures , so called micaceous iron oxide . Its chemical stability, non-toxic and tasteless , high temperature , UV, also has anti- chalking , rust resistance , alkali resistance , salt spray resistance , weather resistance and excellent performance [ 15 ] .
MIO MIO divided into natural and synthetic micaceous iron oxide two kinds . Natural micaceous iron oxide is made from natural minerals ( eg iron ore ) crushing, sorting , crushing derived , heat resistance up to 800 ℃ or more, contain more impurities, particle size distribution is uneven. Most of the world use natural micaceous iron oxide . The synthetic micaceous iron oxide due to high purity, particle size distribution, with a sense of three-dimensional sense of strong light , heat resistance is even higher than the natural micaceous iron oxide .
2013年9月9日星期一
brightener some new role
FWA scalability of insect virus manifested in two aspects, one is to expand the domain host insect viruses . One found in normal circumstances alfalfa looper nuclear polyhedrosis virus and methyl tin stabilizer the margin of moth insect pox virus does not infect the gypsy moth , but with fluorescent brightener Phorwit AR enhanced , they can become infected gypsy moth . The second is that some insect viruses in the role of FWA change route of infection . 1994 Dougherty found by experiment gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus oral extracellular type virus does not infect gypsy moth
Many studies and tests found DSD Acid - triazine type fluorescent brighteners individual species with specificity , the typical varieties are fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW. This specificity manifested in the following aspects:
( A ) wide range of applications . Fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW for many kinds of insects tested nuclear polyhedrosis virus has enhanced role, and gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus , the antimony flame retardant virus particle body gypsy moth , Dendrolimus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and so reflect good enhancement.
( 2 ) enhance the effect. Found by experiment , a fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and some other varieties of optical brighteners , compared with the same concentration under the same conditions added to some insect viruses infect the host , the infection good activity, high efficiency ratio , kill worm speed. Institute of Entomology, Central China Normal University, Guo Junhui , PENG Jian-xin et al to 3rd instar bollworm pest chosen as test fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and fluorescent brightener VBL, Fluorescent Brightener CBS-X three varieties are prepared as 1 % concentration , testing them on celery exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus synergism was found organic pigments with the virus do not add fluorescent brightener compared synergistic ratios were 218 ; 32.1 and 26.26 times , killing speed were increased by 28% ; 17.3% 13.1%. Other tests also confirmed that a variety of fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW role of insect viruses and insects are extremely significant system performance and stability enhancement , to be research FWA ( stilbene ) enhancing effect on insect viruses standard samples . ( 3) The use of low concentration . As mentioned above , the product is still strong at 0.01%, the enhanced effect ⑵. Studies have shown synergistic activity of its optimal concentration of 0.25% ~ 1%
Many studies and tests found DSD Acid - triazine type fluorescent brighteners individual species with specificity , the typical varieties are fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW. This specificity manifested in the following aspects:
( A ) wide range of applications . Fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW for many kinds of insects tested nuclear polyhedrosis virus has enhanced role, and gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus , the antimony flame retardant virus particle body gypsy moth , Dendrolimus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and so reflect good enhancement.
( 2 ) enhance the effect. Found by experiment , a fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and some other varieties of optical brighteners , compared with the same concentration under the same conditions added to some insect viruses infect the host , the infection good activity, high efficiency ratio , kill worm speed. Institute of Entomology, Central China Normal University, Guo Junhui , PENG Jian-xin et al to 3rd instar bollworm pest chosen as test fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW and fluorescent brightener VBL, Fluorescent Brightener CBS-X three varieties are prepared as 1 % concentration , testing them on celery exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus synergism was found organic pigments with the virus do not add fluorescent brightener compared synergistic ratios were 218 ; 32.1 and 26.26 times , killing speed were increased by 28% ; 17.3% 13.1%. Other tests also confirmed that a variety of fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW role of insect viruses and insects are extremely significant system performance and stability enhancement , to be research FWA ( stilbene ) enhancing effect on insect viruses standard samples . ( 3) The use of low concentration . As mentioned above , the product is still strong at 0.01%, the enhanced effect ⑵. Studies have shown synergistic activity of its optimal concentration of 0.25% ~ 1%
fluorescent color eye-catching ride
Every summer , fluorescent colors will follow the sun together into our arms, thanks to the designers of this plastic flame retardant year 's contribution , so colorful neon hues , elegant and fashionable once again return to the mainstream . Below we describe several key outfit this season , will not make you look like going to a retro disco party. Flexible use of neutral Christian Dior 's 2013 spring and summer series demonstrates the use of neon -colored high segment skills. Using fluorescent yellow petticoat dotted white porous dress. Models tour Tianyi taught us : If you potassium stearate fancy colorful stickers on a color , it would take him to work with bright neutral colors , such as ivory , peach , or lavender can be. Neon colors and neutral colors contrast looks fresh and modern, and neat cut pants to inject fluorescent colors , then a little more mature and modern personality.
Fluorescent colors make leather lighter you are looking for light summer leather single product do ? Then you can consider wearing a fluorescent color skirt, with a simple white T-shirt, this way, you are a single product the fastest way to inject neon colors . If you want to replace the polyethylene oxide September round neck gray T-shirt, they can talk to you in the fall colors are fully integrated single product .
Fluorescent colors make leather lighter you are looking for light summer leather single product do ? Then you can consider wearing a fluorescent color skirt, with a simple white T-shirt, this way, you are a single product the fastest way to inject neon colors . If you want to replace the polyethylene oxide September round neck gray T-shirt, they can talk to you in the fall colors are fully integrated single product .
2013年9月8日星期日
The main component of the phosphor
In order to understand the chemical composition of the phosphor , we first think of the firefly 's light, firefly light-emitting principle mainly in the following series of processes . Protein + into light into light into light oxygenated enzyme protein ( glows green ) protein + H2O oxygen into light into light firefly protein that is why can continue to light , and bright twinkling reason , it is worth noting that green light emitted by the firefly is a " cold light ", the results of conversion as plastic additive high as 97% . Secondly , we note that the light emitting plastics , light plastics mainly in common plastic braced little radioactive substances, such as 14C, 35Sr, 90Sr , and Na, Th and a luminescent material ZnS, CaS these sulfides of the irradiation light radiation , is excited and emitted visible light ( luminescence ) . Consisting of: Pink color density formula category Y2O3: Eu white 5.1 ± 0.2 green powder CeMgL11O19: Tb white 4.2 ± 0.2 Blue Pink BaMgAl10O17: Eu white 3.7 ± 0.2 bimodal powder blue BaMgA10O17: (Eu, Mn) 3.8 ± 0.2 on white conversion phosphor, the phosphor is excited infrared composition: chemical composition : YErYbF3 appearance: white inorganic powder, grain size : 30nm excitation wavelength : 980nm color: green features : high transmittance , a higher iron oxide black solvent resistance, luminescence properties of acid substance is broadly divided into two categories: one is the material heat, heat radiation and light, the other is an object absorbs energy and is excited to an excited state ( non steady state ) back to the ground state in the anti- process releases energy in the form of light . Matrix and rare earth compounds as activators in rare earth luminescent materials and more in the latter category , that rare earth phosphor . Rare earth atom has a wealth of electronic energy levels , because rare earth atom electron configuration 4f orbitals exist , for a variety of energy level transitions to create the conditions to obtain a variety of light-emitting properties. Rare luminescent material is a huge treasure in human development of the various light-emitting materials , the rare earth elements plays a very important role. Cathode-ray emitting material - display phosphors mainly used in televisions, oscilloscopes, radar and other types of computer screen and monitor. Rare red phosphor (Y2O3: Eu and Y2O2S: Eu) for color TV screen , the brightness of the TV to achieve a higher level . Blue and green phosphors are still using non- rare earth phosphors, but La2O2S: Tb green phosphor luminescence characteristics of a good , there is development prospects. Recently color TV unified use EBU ( European Broadcasting Union ) color , Pink is Y2O2S: Eu. The computer does not like the color television that the plastic processing aid reproducibility of importance , and priority to brightness , and thus stronger in orange red , Y2O2S Eu in an amount of usually 5 ~ 7wt%. Pink color television in the Eu content of about 1.5 times the computer . When the light is a substance into another substance shine again when the back is chemical energy into
brighteners some broad application
Brightener (brightener / Optical whitener) is a type of fabric and can enhance the whiteness of paper and other organic compounds. Also known as optical brighteners, fluorescent brighteners . Fabric, etc. are often contained as impurities, and yellow colors , in the past are used for bleaching chemical bleaching methods , add PVC foaming board stabilizer brighteners used in the product approach. Its role is to absorb the products of invisible ultraviolet radiation into fluorescence radiation purple blue , yellow with the original two colors, a white light radiation , improve the whiteness in the sunlight . Brightener has been widely used in the textile , paper, detergent , soap , rubber, plastics, pigments and paints and so on.
Brightener in the chemical structure have a cyclic conjugated system , for example: derivatives whitening agent of stilbene , pyrazoline phenyl derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives , phenyl pyrazole derivatives , coumarin derivatives , and naphthalimide derivatives. Stilbene derivatives which yield the largest , such as 4,4 ' - bis ( 4,6 - diphenyl amine triazin -2 - amino ) stilbene -2,2' - disulfonic acid sodium salt is a the wider use of optical brighteners, whitening tradename TA. Such brighteners have been widely used in papermaking, textile , detergent and soap industries. Brightener AD is phenyl derivative of pyrazoline , scientific name 1 - ( methylsulfonyl ) -3 - (p- chlorophenyl ) pyrazoline, mainly for spinning of acrylic fiber , textiles and plastics products for the production. 4 - methyl-7 - dimethylamine coumarin naphthalene neighbors belong oxa ketones can be used for wool fabric , nylon fabric, soaps and detergents and other products.
The largest class of fluorescent Barium soap whitening agent VBL, CXT and paper liquid whitener . Generally divided into two categories brighteners , and the other is water insoluble brightener . The former can be used for paper, paint , detergent, cotton fabric whitener . The latter can be used for chemical fiber, plastics and other whitening.
Brightener in the chemical structure have a cyclic conjugated system , for example: derivatives whitening agent of stilbene , pyrazoline phenyl derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives , phenyl pyrazole derivatives , coumarin derivatives , and naphthalimide derivatives. Stilbene derivatives which yield the largest , such as 4,4 ' - bis ( 4,6 - diphenyl amine triazin -2 - amino ) stilbene -2,2' - disulfonic acid sodium salt is a the wider use of optical brighteners, whitening tradename TA. Such brighteners have been widely used in papermaking, textile , detergent and soap industries. Brightener AD is phenyl derivative of pyrazoline , scientific name 1 - ( methylsulfonyl ) -3 - (p- chlorophenyl ) pyrazoline, mainly for spinning of acrylic fiber , textiles and plastics products for the production. 4 - methyl-7 - dimethylamine coumarin naphthalene neighbors belong oxa ketones can be used for wool fabric , nylon fabric, soaps and detergents and other products.
The largest class of fluorescent Barium soap whitening agent VBL, CXT and paper liquid whitener . Generally divided into two categories brighteners , and the other is water insoluble brightener . The former can be used for paper, paint , detergent, cotton fabric whitener . The latter can be used for chemical fiber, plastics and other whitening.
2013年9月7日星期六
PVC PVC heat stabilizers factors affecting
PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers titanium dioxide biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study . 1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer iron oxide black molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie a so-called compatibility Compatibility means the mixing of two or more substances mutual affinity. Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no liquid stabilizer interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer iron oxide black molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie a so-called compatibility Compatibility means the mixing of two or more substances mutual affinity. Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no liquid stabilizer interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
pvc heat stabilizers tribasic
The chemical synthesis of many of stabilizer on the environment are likely to cause environmental pollution , the tribasic pvc heat stabilizer is also the possibility of the existence PVC foaming board stabilizer of such . Now we are on pvc heat stabilizers tribasic whether to make an environmental impact assessment of environmental pollution .
In general tribasic lead sulfate production process, waste mainly from lead dust and lead ions in wastewater, dust pollution comes mainly from feeding port , mill outlet , wastewater pollution from lead acetate containing a small amount of soluble waste . H-1 of tribasic lead sulfate production process , including the non-toxic , inert filler dispersion inverted solution, then adding soluble lead salts , under the action of the n-butyl stearate polar molecules to coat the inert filler , solid-liquid separation and drying packaging derived products. This technology and traditional production of three salt , a decrease from the pulverizing step , one of which is important to reduce contamination. H-1 reproduction in three salt water , but the reaction with the conventional production of three different salts , lead carbon black acetate without formation of carbonate ions in water , with water can be combined to generate Pb + ions lead carbonate precipitate. Because of lead carbonate solubility product of only 5 * 10-13 . Solubility is very small , so the low levels of lead in water , the water treatment plant to generate funding for heavy metal wastewater treatment water treatment plant , emission concentrations up to 0.8mg / L below .
In general tribasic lead sulfate production process, waste mainly from lead dust and lead ions in wastewater, dust pollution comes mainly from feeding port , mill outlet , wastewater pollution from lead acetate containing a small amount of soluble waste . H-1 of tribasic lead sulfate production process , including the non-toxic , inert filler dispersion inverted solution, then adding soluble lead salts , under the action of the n-butyl stearate polar molecules to coat the inert filler , solid-liquid separation and drying packaging derived products. This technology and traditional production of three salt , a decrease from the pulverizing step , one of which is important to reduce contamination. H-1 reproduction in three salt water , but the reaction with the conventional production of three different salts , lead carbon black acetate without formation of carbonate ions in water , with water can be combined to generate Pb + ions lead carbonate precipitate. Because of lead carbonate solubility product of only 5 * 10-13 . Solubility is very small , so the low levels of lead in water , the water treatment plant to generate funding for heavy metal wastewater treatment water treatment plant , emission concentrations up to 0.8mg / L below .
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